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492 BCE
Democritus formulates his atomic theory. (Approx. Date)
Democritus formulates his atomic theory; his atomic theory is the first of its kind, and says that all things are made up of indivisible, invisible, always moving, and unique particles. -
Period: 460 BCE to 370 BCE
Democritus' Lifetime
Democritus' Lifetime -
Lavoisier is born
Antoine Lavoisier is born in Paris, France. -
Period: to
Antoine Lavoisier's Lifetime
Antoine Lavoisier's Lifetime -
Lavoisier attends the College of Four Nations
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John Dalton born
John Dalton is born to a quaker family in Cumberland, England -
Period: to
John Dalton's Lifetime
Dalton built upon Democritus’ atomic theory, which had since been unchanged or rebuffed for two millennia. -
Lavoisier discovers that the masses of objects stays the same after the object goes under a chemical change.
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The elements oxygen and hydrogen are officially named
The elements oxygen and hydrogen are officially named by Antoine Lavoisier -
Antoine Lavoisier writes his first chemistry book.
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Lavoisier dies
Antoine Lavoisier dies at the age of 50 in Paris, France; his spouse dies the same year -
Dalton orally presented some of his scientific papers on the subjects of vapor, steam, pressure, etc.
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Atomic theory published
John Dalton announces his famous atomic theory that built upon Democritus’ theory to the scientific community. -
John Dalton dies
John Dalton dies in Manchester; 40,000 people attend his funeral. -
JJ Thomson born
JJ Thomson is born in Cheetham Hill, England -
Period: to
JJ Thomsons's Lifetime
Thomson determined that matter was made up of miniscule particles - smaller than atoms, called ‘corpuscles,’ although the name never stuck. They are what we know of as electrons, and his discovery upended the current theory that the atom was the smallest unit in existence. He also determined that electrons were negatively charged, but recognized that because matter is neutrally charged, there must be a positive charge within each atom to negate the electron’s effects. -
Max Planck born
Max Planck is born in Kiel, Holstein, Gemany -
Period: to
Max Planck's Lifetime
He is considered by the scientific community to be founder of quantum theory. He presented a theoretical explanation as to the spectrum of radiation emitted by a glowing object. He believed that the walls of an object could have a series of resonators that oscillated at different frequencies; essentially leading him to believe that energy does not flow in a steady continuum. -
Marie Curie born
Marie Curie is born in Warsaw, Poland; at the time it was part of the Russian Empire -
Period: to
Marie Curie's Lifetime
She discovered the elements radium and polonium, and was influential in the medical fields for her experiments relating to radiation. She predicted that atoms stored immense energy inside themselves, and that radioactive energy came from within atoms, and that the Earth was already completely covered in it. She invented the word ‘radioactivity’ for her findings. -
Robert Millikan born
Robert Millikan was born in Morrison, Illinois -
Period: to
Robert Millikan's Lifetime
He determined the exact charge of an electron in 1909, and created a way of calculating the mass of the electrons and positively charged portions of the atom. He discovered that the mass of an electron - which is always the same, is 1000 time smaller than the smallest atom discovered at the time. -
Ernest Rutherford born
Ernest Rutherford was born on a farm in a New Zealand village, the fourth of twelve children. -
Period: to
Ernest Rutherford's Lifetime
He was responsible for a series of outstanding discoveries in the fields of radioactivity and nuclear physics. Specifically, he discovered the existence of alpha and beta rays, produced the laws of radioactive decay, and hypothesized the nuclear structure of the atom. His hypothesis of the atom is the most accurate, with protons in the nucleus and electrons orbiting them. -
Albert Einstein is born in Ulm, Germany
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Period: to
Albert Einstein's Lifetime
Einstein devised a way of predicting the sizes of atoms and molecules. Along with many other scientific contributions, he developed the quantum theory of heat, and the theory of relativity, and some other stuff. -
JJ Thomson is appointed a professor of physics at Cavendish College
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Planck is appointed professor extraordinaire at the University of Kiel
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Niels Bohr born in Copenhagen, Denmark
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Period: to
Niels Bohr's Lifetime
He made remarkable contributions to the fields of quantum theory, and devised the bohr model, which assisted in the portrayal of atomic structure and is still in use in modern day. He also proposed the idea of the nucleus as a liquid drop. -
Erwin Schrodinger born in Erdberg, Vienna, Austria
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Period: to
Erwin Schrodinger's Lifetime
He provided the basis for bohr’s famous atomic model by devising a model to find where an electron of an atom would be at any given time. -
James Chadwick born
James Chadwick is born in bollington, England -
Period: to
James Chadwick's Lifetime
In 1932 his research lead to him discovering that inside the nucleus of an atom were neutrons, which contained a neutral charge, unlike protons or electrons. This discovery was pivotal to the later discovery of nuclear fission, which would later assist in the building of atomic bombs. -
Louis de Broglie born in Dieppe, France
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Period: to
Louis de Broglie's Lifetime
His ideas assisted in the complete development of the wave mechanics theory - a theory that stated that electrons can act like both particles and waves; waves produced by electrons constrained in the orbit around the nucleus of an atom, set up a standing wave of energy, frequency, and wavelength. -
Rutherford wins a scholarship to Cambridge University
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Thomson begins his investigations
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Marie marries Pierre Curie
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Thomson finds that cathode rays can be deflected in an electric field.
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Rutherford discovers Radon gas
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Planck announces his findings to the German physics society
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Werner Heisenberg is born
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Period: to
Werner Heisenberg's Lifetime
His contributions to physics was the famous principle of uncertainty, which stated that the determination of the position and momentum of a non-static particle contain errors that cannot be less than the quantum constant, and although the errors are negligible on a human scale, they cannot be ignored on a molecular or scientific scale. -
Marie Curie discovers pure Radium
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Marie and Pierre Curie share Nobel Prize
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Albert Einstein publishes his first paper on thermodynamics
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JJ Thomson awarded Nobel Prize
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Marie Curie widowed; Pierre Curie dies
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JJ Thomson given the Order of Merit and knighted
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Rutherford awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry
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Millikan began his experiments
Began his experiments; determined the exact charge of an electron and created a way of formulating the mass of the electrons and positively charged protons in an atom. -
Einstein becomes professor extraordinaire at Zurich University
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Rutherford discovers the nucleus via the gold foil experiment
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Marie Curie wins Nobel Prize
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Bohr began to work in Rutherford's laboratories
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Niels Bohr published his findings on atomic structure
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Ernest Rutherford is knighted
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Broglie joins the French army as an engineer
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Bohr becomes a professor at Copenhagen University
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Max Planck awarded Nobel Prize
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Schrodinger is drafted into the army as an artillery corpsman
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James chadwick studies under the guise of Rutherford
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Millikan became the director of Caltech
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Einstein wins a Nobel Prize
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Bohr wins a Nobel Prize
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Robert Millikan awarded Nobel Prize
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James Chadwick ends his studies on radioactivity
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Louis de Broglie publishes research papers on electrons and quantum structures
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Heisenberg publishes his quantum theories
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Erwin Schrodinger makes his famous wave equation theory
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Broglie awarded a Nobel Prize
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Chadwick discovers definite proof that neutrons exist within the nucleus
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Werner Heisenberg given a Nobel Prize
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Albert Einstein emigrates from Germany
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Schrodinger awarded a Nobel Prize
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Marie Curie dies in Sallanches, France
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James Chadwick awarded a Nobel Prize
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Ernest Rutherford dies
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JJ Thomson dies
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Max Planck dies
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Albert Einstein dies of heart failure
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Robert Millikan dies
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Erwin Schrodinger dies in Vienna, Austria
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Niels Bohr dies
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James Chadwick dies
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Heisenberg dies
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Louis de Broglie dies at Louiveciennes, France
