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J. L. Proust
He developed the use of hydrogen sulfide as a reagent (a substance used to detect the presence of other substances by the chemical reactions it causes). -
J. L. Proust
He recognized that the proportions of the components of a chemical compound are always the same, no matter what method he used to prepare the compound. -
Thomas Young
Discovered the cause of astigmatism. -
Thomas Young
Addressed a phenomenon known as interference. He observed that when light from a single source is separated into two beams, and the two beams are recombined, the combined beams produce a pattern of light and dark fringes. -
John Dalton
Calculated atomic weights from percentage compositions of compounds, using an arbitrary system to determine the likely atomic structure of each compound. -
Thomas Young
Helpied in developing the Young-Helmholtz trichromatic theory. This theory postulated that there were three distinct types of cones in the retina and that each one of the types was sensitive to a particular color, either red, green, or blue. -
John Dalton
Dalton's experiments on gases led to his discovery that the total pressure of a mixture of gases amounted to the sum of the partial pressures that each individual gas exerted while occupying the same space. -
Heinrich Hertz
Hertz opened the way for the development of radio, television, and radar with his discovery of electromagnetic waves. -
Antoine Lavoisier
succeeded in producing more and better gunpowder by increasing the supply and ensuring the purity of the constituents—saltpeter (potassium nitrate), sulfur, and charcoal—as well as by improving the methods of granulating the powder. -
Ernest Marsden
Marsden observed that a tiny fraction of alpha particles fired at a thin gold foil were deflected straight back. -
Pierre Curie
Pierre submitted his doctoral thesis It concerned various types of magnetism, and contained a presentation of the connection between temperature and magnetism that is now known as Curie's Law. -
Ernest Rutherford
Invented a detector for electromagnetic waves. -
Marie Curie
Marie discovered that thorium gives off the same rays as uranium. Her continued studies of the various chemical compounds gave the surprising result that the strength of the radiation did not depend on the compound that was being studied. It depended only on the amount of uranium or thorium. -
J.J Thomson
Made an original study of cathode rays culminating in the discovery of the electron. -
Ernest Rutherford
Reported the existence of alpha and beta rays in uranium radiation and indicated some of their properties. -
Marie and Pierre Curie
They had demonstrated strong grounds for having come upon an additional very active substance that behaved chemically almost like pure barium. They suggested the name of radium for the new element. -
Max Planck
Was able to deduce the relationship between the energy and the frequency of radiation. This was based on the revolutionary idea that the energy emitted by a resonator could only take on discrete values or quanta. The energy for a resonator of frequency v is hv where h is a universal constant, now called Planck's constant. -
Marie and Pierre Curie
Marie and Pierre Curie were awarded half the Nobel Prize in Physics. -
J.J Thomson
He discovered a method for separating different kinds of atoms and molecules by the use of positive rays. -
J.J Thomson
Won the Nobel Prize in Physics -
Ernest Rutherford
Won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry -
Hans Geiger
Geiger and colleague J. M. Nuttall developed the Geiger-Nuttall rule, which states that a linear relationship exists between the logarithm of the range of alpha-particles and the radioactive time constant, which is involved in the rate of decay of emitting nuclei. -
Hans Geiger
Geiger created a measuring device that had the ability to count the number of alpha particles and other ionizing radiation being emitted. This was the first version of the Geiger counter. -
Niels Bohr
He succeeded in working out and presenting a picture of atomic structure. -
Ernest Marsden
Correlated nuclear charge by the atomic number, -
Max Planck
Won the Nobel Prize in Physics -
Ernest Rutherford
During his last year at Manchester, he discovered that the nuclei of certain light elements, such as nitrogen, could be disintegrated by the impact of energetic alpha particles coming from some radioactive source, and that during this process fast protons were emitted. -
Albert Einstein
Einstein embarked on the construction of unified field theories, although he continued to work on the probabilistic interpretation of quantum theory. He contributed to statistical mechanics by his development of the quantum theory of a monatomic gas. -
Albert Einsein
He investigated the thermal properties of light with a low radiation density and his observations laid the foundation of the photon theory of light. -
Niels Bohr
Recognition of his work on the structure of atoms came with the award of the Nobel Prize. -
Albert Einstein
Albert Einstein was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics in 1922. -
Arthur Compton
He discovereed that the increase of wavelength of x-rays due to scattering of the incident radiation by free electrons, which implies that the scattered quanta to have less energy than the quanta of the original beam. (Known as the compton affect) -
Pual Dirac
Produced a mathematical equivalent which consisted essentially of a noncommutative algebra for calculating atomic properties. -
Irene Curie
Prepared a thesis on the alpha rays of polonium -
Enrico Fermi
Fermi discovered the statistical laws, nowadays known as the «Fermi statistics», governing the particles subject to Pauli's exclusion principle. -
Erwin Schrödinger
Invented Schrödinger's wave equation. -
Arthur Compton
Compton was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics. -
Pual Dirac
Theory of the electron -
Louis de Broglie
Conferred him the Nobel Prize for Physics "for his discovery of the wave nature of electrons". -
Carl David Anderson
Began his cosmic-ray studies. -
Louis de Broglie
Between 1930 and 1950, Louis de Broglie's work has been chiefly devoted to the study of the various extensions of wave mechanics: Dirac's electron theory, the new theory of light, the general theory of spin particles, applications of wave mechanics to nuclear physics, etc. -
Carl David Anderson
Made the discovery of the positron. -
James Chadwick
Made a fundamental discovery in the domain of nuclear science: he proved the existence of neutrons - elementary particles devoid of any electrical charge. -
Werner Heisenberg
Heisenberg was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics for 1932. -
Werner Heisenburg
Theory of quantum mechanics: Mechanical quantities, such as position, velocity, etc. should be represented, not by ordinary numbers, but by abstract mathematical structures called "matrices" and he formulated his new theory in terms of matrix equations. -
Carl David Anderson
He obtained the first direct proof that gamma rays from ThC generate positrons in their passage through material substances. -
Erwin Schrödinger
Shared Nobel Peace Prize with Dirac the Nobel Prize -
Enrico Fermi
The Nobel Prize for Physics was awarded to him. -
Enrico Fermi
He demonstrated that nuclear transformation occurs in almost every element subjected to neutron bombardment. This resulted in the discovery of slow neutrons that same year, leading to the discovery of nuclear fission and the production of elements lying beyond what was until then the Periodic Table. -
Carl David Anderson
Gold Medal of the American Institute of City of New York -
Irene Curie
Shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry with her husband. -
Carl David Anderson
Sc.D. of Colgate University -
Carl David Anderson
Elliott Cresson Medal of the Franklin Institute -
Otto Hahn And Fritz Strassmann
Unexpectely produced barium -
Otto Hahn, Lise Meitner, and Fritz Strassmann
Became the first to recognize that the uranium atom, when bombarded by neutrons, actually split -
Otto Frisch
Frisch demonstrated that the fissioning of uranium had the potential to create a volatile chain reaction which, when using uranium-235, could be used to develop an extremely destructive weapon. -
Wolfgang Pauli
First to recognize the existence of the neutrino, which is an uncharged and massless particle which carries off energy in radioactive ß-disintegration. -
Otto Hahn
Hahn won the nobel prize for chemistry. -
Carl David Anderson
Presidential Certificate of Merit -
Wolfgang Pauli
Helped to lay the foundations of the quantum theory. -
Wolfgang Paulie
Won the Nobel Prize for Physics -
Irene Curie
Irène took part ithe creation and in the construction of the first French atomic pile. -
James Chadwick
He received the Copley Medal (1950) and the Franklin Medal of the Franklin Institute, Philadelphia (1951). -
Louis de Broglie
He received the gold medal of the French National Scientific Research Centre. -
Murray Gell-Mann and George Zweig
The concept enabled him to predict decay events and the existence of the Xi zero particle, which was experimentally detected. -
Carl David Anderson
John Ericsson Medal of the American Society of Swedish Engineers -
Richard Feynman and Julian Schwinger
The Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded jointly to Julian Schwinger and Richard P. Feynman "for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles". -
Murray Gell-Mann and George Zweig
Murray Gell-Mann won the Nobel Prize in Physics for his contributions to elementary particle physics.
