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Founding of Gallaudet University
Established by Congress and signed into law by President Abraham Lincoln, Gallaudet University became the first institution of higher learning for the Deaf and hard of hearing. -
Brown v. Board of Education
This landmark Supreme Court decision declared state laws establishing separate public schools for Black and White students unconstitutional. It overturned Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) and became a cornerstone for the civil rights movement. Brown v. Board emphasized equal access to education as a fundamental right. -
The Elementary and Secondary Education Act
This federal legislation provided funding to schools, particularly those serving low-income families, to close the achievement gap. It marked the beginning of federal involvement in public education to ensure equal opportunities.
website link:https://www.ed.gov/laws-and-policy/laws-preschool-grade-12-education/esea -
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act
This law was the first federal civil rights protection for individuals with disabilities, prohibiting discrimination in programs receiving federal funds. It laid the groundwork for inclusive education and accommodations for students with disabilities. -
Establishment of TASH
TASH, an advocacy organization, promotes equity and inclusion for individuals with significant disabilities. It was instrumental in pushing for integrated educational opportunities. -
Americans with Disabilities Act
The ADA extends protections against discrimination to all areas of public life, including schools. It requires schools to provide reasonable accommodations for students with disabilities to participate fully in education. -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
IDEA mandates that students with disabilities receive a free and appropriate public education in the least restrictive environment. This act emphasizes individual education plans (IEPs) and inclusion in general classrooms where possible. -
Oberti v. Board of Education
This court case reinforced the IDEA principle of educating students with disabilities in the least restrictive environment. It highlighted the need to make general education classrooms accessible. -
No Child Left Behind Act
This federal law reauthorized ESEA, emphasizing standardized testing and accountability. Schools were required to meet annual progress goals, ensuring all students, including those with disabilities, received quality education. -
Every Student Succeeds Act
Replacing No Child Left Behind, ESSA allowed states more flexibility in accountability systems while maintaining focus on equitable education for all students, including those with disabilities.
video link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tTo-sfxIEFk