-
Grass Root Beginnings
The first advocacy groups to fight for quality special education were made up of parents whose children were marginalized. Although there were parents fighting for their children since 1933, no waves of change started until 1950. The majority of these families fought harder, created an association, and encouraged the passage of laws that provided training for teachers who would work with deaf or intellectually disabled students. Historically they called the children "mentally retarded." -
The Arc
The organization was founded in the 1950s by parents of people with developmental disabilities. This group of parents expressed their concerns and problems for their children and eventually this became a support group for other parents who were dealing with the same concerns with their children. These parents wanted more than the government was giving. This organization has established state chapters in 39 states, and 730 local chapters in states across the country. -
Brown vs. Board of Education
Although this trial was for segregation, it helped with different aspects of equality. The Brown decision led the way to a growing understanding that all people, regardless of race, gender, or disability, have a right to a public education. This trial laid the foundation for other events that occurred. “Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal.” That statement was a stimulus for a civil rights movement that sought to integrate people with disabilities into every aspect of society. -
PARC vs. Pennsylvania
The U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania sided in favor of students with intellectual and learning disabilities in state run institutions. PARC vs. Pennsylvania called for students with disabilities to be placed in publicly funded school settings that met their individual educational needs, based on a proper and thorough evaluation. This helps with more one on one with the children and gives them the attention that is needed. -
Mills vs. Board of Education of District of Columbia
In this trial, the court ruled that students with disabilities must be given a public education even if the students are unable to pay for the cost of the education. The case established that "all children are entitled to free public education and training appropriate to their learning capacities." This act helped with allowing students to have free education with the correct training from a teacher.
WEBSITE: https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/348/866/2010674/ -
The Rehabilitation Act
This act guaranteed civil rights to all disabled people and required accommodations for disabled students in schools. Section 504 of the act prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities in programs that receive federal financial assistance, and set the foundation for the enactment of the Americans with Disabilities Act. 504, works together with the ADA and IDEA to protect children and adults with disabilities from exclusion, and unequal treatment in schools, jobs and the community. -
Education For All Handicapped Children Act
This act ensures that handicapped children in public schools will get one free meal each school day and and will have just access to an education. A lesson plan must be created to be similar to able minded students. A disabled student is a student that has either mental or physical disabilities. The act was mainly created to help parents seek different ways to find help for their children.
VIDEO: https://study.com/academy/lesson/education-for-all-handicapped-children-act-summary-impact.html -
Americans With Disabilities Act
The Americans with disabilities act is a civil rights law that prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in all areas of public life, including jobs, schools, transportation, and all public and private places that are open to the general public. The purpose of the law is to make sure that people with disabilities have the same rights and opportunities as everyone else. This helps with equality and allowing them to feel included in our society. -
Individuals With Disabilities Act
This act is a law that makes a free appropriate public education available to eligible children with disabilities throughout the nation. It ensures special education and related services to children in need. This act gives out discretionary grants to state educational agencies, institutions of higher education, and other nonprofit organizations to support research, demonstrations, technical assistance technology development, personnel preparation, and parent training with information centers. -
No Child Left Behind Act
The No Child Left Behind Act authorizes several federal education programs that are administered by the states. Under the 2002 law, states are required to test students in reading and math in grades 3–8 and once in high school and to children with special needs. The teachers need to be qualified to teach the required subjects to the students and help them be able to pass these required test.
