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1848 Perkins Institution
In 1848 The Perkins Institution was founded in Boston, Massachusetts, by Samuel Gridley Howe. The Perkins Institute was the first of it's kind for those with mental disabilities. The participants were required to live there and learn, like boarding school. Most of them lived there for the remainder of their lives. I chose this event because I feel it is important to know where special education started and what it was like in the early days. -
The International Council for the Education of Exceptional Children
The International Council for the Education of Exceptional Children is organized by a group of administrators and supervisors attending the summer session at Teachers College, Columbia University, and their faculty members on August 10, 1922. The Council begins with 12 members. Elizabeth E. Farrell was the Founder and first President, 1922-26. -
Brown v. Board of Education
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka was a landmark 1954 Supreme Court case in which the justices ruled unanimously that racial segregation of children in public schools was unconstitutional. Brown v. Board of Education was one of the cornerstones of the civil rights movement and helped establish the precedent that “separate-but-equal” education and other services were not, in fact, equal at all.
(http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/brown-v-board-of-education-of-topeka) -
The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA)
ESEA was signed into law in 1965 by President Johnson, who believed that "full educational opportunity" should be "our first national goal." ESEA was a civil rights law.ESEA offered new grants to districts serving low-income students, federal grants for textbooks and library books, funding for special education centers, and scholarships for low-income college students.The law provided fed. grants to state educational agencies to improve the quality of elementary and secondary education -
1972 Mills v. Board of Education
Mills expanded the impact of P.A.R.C. case beyond children with developmental disabilities.The Mills class action lawsuit was brought in 1972, the same year as the P.A.R.C. case, on behalf of seven school-age children who had been denied placement in a public education program for long periods of time because of alleged mental, behavioral, physical or emotional disabilities.Injunctions were sought on the constitutional right to Due Process.(http://disabilityjustice.org/right-to-education/) -
504 Rehabilitation Act
Section 504 of the 1973 Rehabilitation Act was the first disability civil rights law to be enacted in the United States. It prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities in programs that receive federal financial assistance, and set the stage for enactment of the Americans with Disabilities Act. Section 504 works together with the ADA and IDEA to protect children and adults with disabilities from exclusion, and unequal treatment in schools, jobs and the community. -
Individuals With Disabilities Act (IDEA)
IDEA was first passed in 1975. The primary purposes of IDEA are:
-To provide a free appropriate public education (FAPE) to children with disabilities.
-To give parents a voice in their child’s education. -
The ADA
The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) was signed into law on July 26, 1990,by President George H.W. Bush.The ADA is one of America's most comprehensive pieces of civil rights legislation that prohibits discrimination and guarantees that people with disabilities have the same opportunities as everyone else to participate in the mainstream of American life to enjoy employment opportunities, to purchase goods and services, and to participate in State and local government programs and services. -
No Child left Behind
The No Child Left Behind Act authorizes several federal education programs that are administered by the states.
All students are expected to meet or exceed state standards in reading and math by 2014.
The major focus of No Child Left Behind is to close student achievement gaps by providing all children with a fair, equal, and significant opportunity to obtain a high-quality education. The U.S. DOE emphasizes four pillars within the bill:
accountability, flexibility and research-based education -
The Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA)
reauthorizes the 50-year-old Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA), the nation’s national education law and longstanding commitment to equal opportunity for all students. The new law builds on key areas of progress in recent years, made possible by the efforts of educators, communities, parents, and students across the country.
https://www.ed.gov/essa?src=rn
