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Period: 600 BCE to 501 BCE
Pre-Socratic philosophy
Interested in the origin, the reality of nature and the laws of the universe.
Where did everything come from?
How might we describe nature mathematically? Philosophers:
Thale of Miletus (624 B.C - 546 B.C)
Parmenides (515 B.C - 401B.C) -
546 BCE
Thales of Miletus
624 B.C - 546 B.C -
Period: 450 BCE to 322 BCE
Classical philosophy
Philosophy shifted from the natural world to human beings and their life in society. They sought to understand the objective nature of reality. Socrates (1170 B.C - 399 B.C)
Plato (427 B.C - 347 B.C)
Aristotle (384 B.C - 323 B.C) -
435 BCE
Socrates
1170 B.C - 399 B.C -
384 BCE
Aristotle
384 B.C - 323 B.C -
Period: 322 BCE to 195 BCE
Hellenistic philosophy
Philosophy was divided into two different tendencies: moral philosophy and the investigation of the natural world.
They were also concerned about happiness. Is death bad for the one who dies? Philosophers: Archimedes (288 B.C - 212 B.C)
Epicurus (341 B.C - 270 B.C) -
Period: 301 BCE to 476
Ancient History
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288 BCE
Archimedes
288 B.C - 212 B.C -
Period: 195 BCE to 476
Christian philosophy
Several attempts to create a synthesis between philosophy and Christianity. The key idea of Christian philosophy is based upon the worldview foundation of Christ. Philosophers:
Augustine of Hippo (354 A.D - 430 A.D)
Plotinus (204 A.D - 270 A.D) -
354
Augustine of Hippo
354 A.D - 430 A.D -
Period: 476 to 1492
Middle Ages
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Period: 1101 to 1500
Scholaticism
They were concerned about the relationship between faith and reason. Their key questions were mainly, about the existence of God and immortality. Philosophers: St. Thomas Aquinas (1225 - 1274)
Albertus Magnus (1205 - 1280) -
1225
St. Thomas Aquinas
1225 - 1274 -
Period: 1492 to
Modern Philosophy
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Period: 1492 to
The Renaissance
Was mostly centered around humanism, the study of human values and potential. They also explored and studied the classical authors of Greco-Roman culture. Philosophers: Niccolo Machiavelli (1469 - 1527)
Erasmus Desiderius (1466 - 1536) -
1500
Niccolo Machiavelli
1469 - 1527 -
René Descartes
1596 - 1650 -
Period: to
Rationalism
They believed that knowledge came from logic and a certain kind of intuition. Philosophers: René Descartes (1596 - 1650)
Gottfried Leibniz (1646 - 1716) -
Period: to
Empiricism
They believed that people should rely on practical experience and experiments, rather than on theories, as a basis for knowledge. Philosophers: Thomas Hobbes (1588 - 1679)
John Locke (1632 - 1704) -
Thomas Hobbes
1588 - 1679 -
Period: to
Enlightenment
The Two Fundamental Characteristics of the Philosophy of Enlightenment are:
1) Faith in the European Reason and human rationality to reject the tradition and the pre-established institutions and thoughts;
2) Search for practical, useful knowledge as the power to control nature. Philosophers: Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712 - 1778)
Montesquieu (1713 - 1784) -
Montesquieu
1689 - 1755 -
Period: to
Contemporary philosophy
This period is characterised by having diverse philosophical trends. The principal themes were society, morality, history, human existence. Philosophers: Bertrand Russel (1872 - 1970)
Friedrich Nietzsche (1844 - 1900) -
Nietzsche
1844 - 1900
