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1845 BCE
Tuba
Brass -
Period: 504 to 604
Pope Gregory the Great
Gregorian chant is called like this because of him -
Period: 600 to 800
Roman Catholic Chruch
Liturgical plainsongs.
We call this musical repertoire Gregorian Chant -
Period: 700 to 900
GREGORIAN CHANT
The Roman Catholic Church complied its liturgical plaisont. We call Gregorian Church in honour of Pope Gregory the Great.
-onophonic texture.
-Modal scales and is in free. -The textis in latin. -
800
Liturgical polyphony
Organum
Discantus
Conductus -
1033
Guido d’ Arezzo
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1200
Mensural notation
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1335
Cancionero de Palacio
The most important songbooks were the Spanish manuscripts for example Cancionero De Palacio , it has more tan 400 pieces from the times of the Catholic Monarchs about different subjects in dfferent languages too. -
1400
Renaissance Dances
Performed in palaces halls by the nobility. Members of the court required good dance training, because the high classes always danced at social events and its own choreography.
One of the bets–know combinations of dances was the:pavanes, galliard, branle and sarabande. -
1400
Religious Vocal Music
Three main forms
-Motet: it already existed in Middle Ages.This form becamemore important,religious and included more parts
-Mass: it was a long composicion with liturgical texts,written in latin. It was based on the fixed parts of the religious ceremony
-Chorale:it was the most common musical form in the protestant liturgy. It was based on pre-existing melodies sung in the vernacular with a simple texture and an AAB structure. -
1453
Ends of the Middle Ages
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Period: 1483 to 1546
Martin Luther
He was a German theologian and monk known for starting the Protestant Reformation. He was also a composer and flautist. He created a repertoire of simple melodies in the vernacular. On the other hand , Catholic music continued to be composed and written in Latin -
1492
Discovery of America
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1500
Instrumental Music
Compositions based on vocal music: instrumentalist who usually accompanied vocal pieces, used these as a base for instrumental works.
Compositions with an improvisational feel: composer started to write down any brief improvised pieces that were of good musical quality.
Variations: it consisted of the exposition of a short musical theme followed by some variations on it. in Spain it was called diferencias. -
1500
Renaissance Music
In this period , distinction between religious and secular music continued.Vocal and instrumental msic had this main characteristics: 1.It was composed for several parts 2.It was composed using medieval modal scales 3.It ha a defined and regular rhythm.
The distinction between religious and secular music continued.
Vocal and Instrumental music had this main characteristics:
1.It was composed in several parts
2.It was composed using medieval modal scales
3.It had a defined and regular rhythm. -
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Instruments
-Chordophones: Baroque guitar, violin, viola, cello, double bass.
-Aerophones: Flute, oboe, bassoon, trumpet.
-Membranophones: Kettledrums. -
The Baroque Orchestra
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Instrumental forms
-The fugue: was the one of the main Baroque forms for keyboard instruments. -The suite: involved the pairs of dances performed together in the Renaissance. -The sonata: consisted of four movements, alternating between fast and slow tempos. -The concerto: consisted of three contrasting movements. The concerto grosso, ripiento and solo concerto. -
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Period: to
Baroque music
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Period: to
Zarzuela
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Toccata
Composition with an improvisional feel. Composers started to write down any brief improvised pieces. -
Period: to
Classical Period
It was between the early Modern period and the late Modern period. -
French Revolution
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The age of Enlightenment
Enlightenment despotism was a political system in which absolutist monarchs carried out a series of important reforms based on Enlightenment ideas, but without consulting the common people or changing the social system of the time. -
Other musical forms
•Minuet: ABA
•Rondo: ABACA
•Theme and variations: AA1A2A3A4A5... -
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Opera Buffa
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Religious vocal musi
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The Arts
The period the we know as the Classical period in music is called Neoclassicism in the rest of the arts. -
Sonata form
•Exposition: theme A and theme B. A bridge join 2 parts. The exposition sometimes ends with a short coda and all of it is usually repeated.
•Development: its a section where the composers can give more freedom to his or her imagination and present new musical material.
•Reexposition: consist of a repetition of the exposition, but with some modifications. It ends with a final coda. -
Instrumental forms
NUMBER OF THE MOVEMENTS---FORM---STRUCTURE
I ---sonata form---ABA`
II ---theme and variations---AA1A2A3...
III ---minuet---ABA
IV ---rondo---ABBACA -
Opera Seria
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Classical period in Spain
Among the composers of this period, Juan Crisóstomo de Arriaga stands out for his early talent.
Fernando Sor, was well known for his good works for guitar.
Vicente Martín y Soler wrote many operas in the Italy style. -
Compositions for piano
Short pieces for solo piano: they were simple and free musical structure. Aimed to show the virtuosity of the performers
Chamber music: was performed in concert halls or private concerts, was also played in duets, trios, quartets and quintets with other string and wind instruments
Longer works: included concertosfor piano and orchestra -
Music in the romantic period
It is characterised by:
Wanting to be free from Classical rules
Aiming for the virtuosity
Melody is an important mean of expression
Using a wider vocabulary on scores
Use melody-dominated homophony
aim the uniy in the piece of music -
English Horn
WoodWind -
Trombone
Woodwind -
Bass Clarinet
WoodWind -
Saxophone
WoodWind -
Period: to
SECOND WORLD WAR
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IMPRESSIONISM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QdE2Cdn8VnU
-Musical atmsopheres inspired by nature or inusual things.
-Scales that evoked oriental music, like the pentatonic scale.
-Imprecise melodic lines and a free, irregular rhythm.
-Timbres of different instruments overlapping each other, forming a sound collage -
ATONALITY AND TWELVE-TONE TECHNIQUE
Australian composer Arnold Schönberg. -
ELECTRONES MUSIC
Karlheinz Stockhausen -
MINIMAL MUSIC
Steve Reich -
BALLET RUSSES AND CONTEMPORARY DANCE
Isadora Duncan -
EXPRESSIONISM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3J4DZ3_MwBQ
-It used a very strong rhythm.
-Compositions were designed for small chamber ensembles, in which each instrument had a promient role.
-In some compositions, the melodic lines was lost in favour of a type of recitative singing, called Sprechgesang.
-It included strong dissonances constant tension.
-It used atonality and the twelve-tone technique. -
NEOCLASSICISM
-Irregular rhythm.
Russian composer Sergei Prokofiev. -
ALEATORIC MUSIC
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MUSIQUE CONCRETE
Pierre Schaeffer -
MUSIC IN SPAIN
Generación del 27 and Generación de 51
