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First Bilingual and Bicultural Public School Opens in the United States
Due to the large number of Cuban immigrant children arriving in Miami, Coral Way Elementary School started the first bilingual and bicultural public school. The goal of the program was to promote bilingual fluency among all students, and the success of the program paved the way for the Bilingual Education Act of 1968.
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Multicultural Education: Transformative Knowledge and Action
James Banks' book, Multicultural Education: Transformative Knowledge and Action, is a contribution to education in that it documents the growth in the field of multicultural education through case studies of scholars and activists in race relations and multicultural education.
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Bilingual Education Act
Federally funded program that provided bilingual education to students whose native language was a language other than English or that had sufficient difficulty speaking English due to coming from environments where a language other than English was the primary language spoken.
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Diana v. State Board of Education: Assessing Children Who are Linguistically Diverse
Mexican-American students were being labeled as Educably Mentally Retarded based on IQ tests that were written and administered in English. When allowed to take the IQ test in Spanish, they gained an average of 15 IQ points. Court orders directed that children whose primary language was not English were to be tested in their primary language and in English.
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Indian Education Act
Recognizes and focuses national attention on the educational needs of American Indian learners who have unique educational and culturally related academic needs and distinct language and cultural needs.
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Case of Lau v. Nichols
1,800 Chinese-American students attending San Francisco public schools were being denied educational opportunities because they did not speak English. The schools violated the Civil Rights Act of 1964 by not providing opportunities to participate in the public educational programs. The schools were made to comply with the Civil Rights ACT of 1964.
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National Association of Bilingual Education
The NABE is a non-profit that advocates for educational equity and excellence for bilingual and multilingual students by improving instructional practices, providing professional development and securing funding for programs.
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Plyler v. Doe
Stated that public schools were prohibited from denying unauthorized immigrant students access to a public education and that school districts could not charge tuition fees for unauthorized immigrant children.
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Emergency Immigrant Education Act
Provided supplementary educational services and offsetting costs for immigrant children enrolled in elementary and secondary public and nonpublic schools.
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Minority Students Outnumber Non-Hispanic Caucasians
An enrollment milestone is hit. Latino, African-American and Asian students in public K-12 classrooms surpass the number of non-Hispanic whites. Teachers face a challenge to meet the needs of a diverse population.
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