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Period: 1845 BCE to 1851 BCE
Potato Blight
Symptoms: 1-2mm black or brown lesions and yellow halo forms around it grow larger than 10mm in diameter.
Treatment: Yes, copper fungicide or dithane945.
Pathogen: Fungus. -
Period: 1500 BCE to 1700 BCE
Smallpox
Symptoms: Starts with a rash, then raised fluid-filled blisters.
Treatment: No.
Pathogen: Virus. -
Jan 1, 1347
Bubonic Plague
Symptoms: Swollen lymph nodes, fever, chills, headache, fatigue, and muscle aches.
Treatment: Yes, heavy antibiotics.
Pathogen: Bacteria. -
Francesco Redi
Francesco did an experiment to see if maggots came from meat. He filled jars with meat, some were closed and others were open. Maggots only appeared on jars that were opened. -
Anthony Von Leeuwenhoek
Discovered protozoa the single-celled organism and he called them animalcules-microscopic animals in water. -
John Needham
He believes microorganisms can arise spontaneously. His experiment was boiling broth then sealing it and he then got growth inside. -
Lazzaro Spallanzani
Not convinced by Needham's experiment Lazzaro tested to see if microorganisms came from the air before the flask was sealed, tested the hypothesis and no organisms grew. -
Edward Jenner
Discovered a vaccine for small pox which reduced the death of millions "variolae vaccine". -
Louis Pasteur
French chemist discovered new cells are produced from existing ones, in a beaker, he filled with chicken broth and long s-shaped tubes that air could pass but microorganisms couldn't. When the tube was bent no microorganisms could pass when the tube was open microorganisms could pass -
Joseph Lister
Joseph Lister needed a way to disinfect, he observed that carbolic acid is used by sewers and is safe for humans to use. He began to use carbolic acid to wash his hands, disinfect his instruments before an operation. After a year his methods were a success. -
Robert Koch
Took a blood sample from an infected cow, isolated the bacteria and put them into a mouse. He discovered the causitive agent of the fatal disease to be bacillus andthracis. -
Louis Pasteur
Discovered vaccines that are used for "Anthrax and Rabies". -
D.E. Salmon and Theobald Smith
Discovered Salmonilla vaccine. -
National Institutes of Health (NIH)
Role: Responsible for biomedical and health-related research.
Location: Stapleton, New York City, NY. -
Pasteur Institute
Role: Study biology, microorganisms, disease, and vaccines.
Location: Paris, France -
Dmitri Iwanowski
He gave the first concrete evidence for the existence of a non-bacterial infectious agent showing that infected sap remained even after filtering through finest chumberland filters. -
Paul Ehrlich
Discovered Arsphenamine a medical treatment for syphilis, and chemotherapy. -
Alexander Fleming
Discovered penicillin used - used as a modern antibiotic. -
Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Role: Health and human services. Promote, prevent, and prepare with a goal of improving overall public health.
Location: Atlanta, GA. -
World Health Organization (WHO)
Role: Specialized agency of the U.N (United Nations) that is concerned with international public health.
Location: Geneva, Switzerland. -
Ebola
Symptoms: Hemorrhagic fever, headache, muscle pain, chills, and bleeding.
Treatment: Yes for symptoms only. Supportive intensive care, blood transfusion, oxygen therapy, and IV fluids.
Pathogen: Virus. -
Stanley Prusiner
He discovered an unprecedented class of pathogens that he named prions. Prions = an infectious protein that cause neurodegenerative diseases in animals and humans. -
Luc Montaigner & Robert Gallo
They found the virus that would later become HIV in lymph node biopsy and published their findings in the journal of science in 1983. It was later presented evidence that is cause AIDS -
HIV
Symptoms: Flu-like symptoms, fever, sore throat, fatigue, but it is usually asymptomatic until it progresses to AIDS.
Treatment: No, only slow the process.
Pathogen: Virus. -
SARS
Symptoms: Fever, flu, diarrhea, dry coughing, and shortness of breath.
Treatment: No. Just supportive care for the symptoms which are tracheal intubation, mechanical ventilation, oxygen therapy, and airway management.
Pathogen: Virus.
