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4000 BCE
Primitive Times
-Illness were caused by evil spirits or it was a punishment from the Gods
-The illness was treated by witch doctors
-Medicine was made of herbs and plants
-One of the surgeries that took place was to remove a piece of bone from the skull, this was called Trepanning
-Average life span was 20 years -
3000 BCE
Ancient Egytains
-The first health records where first recorded by ancient Egyptians
-Physicians were priests
-A medical treatment was used with leeches and was called bloodletting
-Average life span was 20-30 years -
1700 BCE
Ancient Chinese
-Believed in the need of treat the whole body by curing the spirit and nourishing the body
-From the uses of herbs was recorded a pharmacopoeia of medication
-Used therapies such as acupuncture
-Began to search for medical reasons for illness
-Average life span was 20-30 years -
1200 BCE
Ancient Greeks
-Hippocrates (Father of Medicine) and other physicians
- The modern medical sciences started with the first to observe the human body and the effects of disease
-Believed illness is a result of natural causes
-They used art, herbal treatment, and massage as therapy
-Some ways to prevent the disease was stressed hygiene, diet, and exercise
-Average life span was 25-35 years -
753 BCE
Ancient Romans
-Provide care for injured soldiers,was first to organize medical care
-Later hospitals were religious and charitable institutions in monasteries and convents
-By building sewers and aqueducts they were first public health and sanitation system
-Galen established belief that the body was regulated by four body humors: phlegm, yellow bile, black bile, and blood
-Life span was 25-35 years -
400
Dark Ages
-Emphasis on saving the soul and study of medicine was prohibited
-A way to treat illness and disease was to pray and divine intervention
-Sick people was taken care by Monks and priests
-Medication was mostly made up from herbal mixtures
-Disease Cause still blamed on circumstance, but no understanding
-Average life span was 20-30 years -
1100
Middle Ages
-Renewed interest in medical practices of Greek and Romans
1100: Start of Arabs requiring physicians pass examinations and obtain licenses
1346-1353:In Europe and Asia has a disease that killed 75% of the population called the Bubonic Plague
-Major diseases included
*Tuberculosis, diphtheria, smallpox, malaria, typhoid, and plague
1220-1255:Medical Universities were established
-Average life span 20-35 years -
1440
Renaissance
-Rebirth of Science of Medicine
-The understanding of anatomy and physiology increased from Body Dissections
1440:The invention that led to medical knowledge to be shared was called the printing press
1543:First anatomy book was published by Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564)
-Average life span was 30-40 years
-It is a still a mystery how the disease was caused -
1500
16th and 17th Centuries
-The knowledge of the human body was greatly increased
1500's:A French surgeon named Ambroise Pare who was known as the Father of modern surgery established use of ligatures to stop bleeding
1600's:Early pharmacists also known as Apothecaries made, prescribed, and sold medications
1670: When the mirocscope was born
-Allowed physicians to see disease-causing organisms
-Huge advancement
-Average life span 35-45
-Still unknown of cause
-Many people died form infections -
18th Century
1714- First mercury thermometer created (1686-1714) by Gabriel Fahrenheit
1760-Bifocals created by Benjamin Franklin
1778-John Hunter established scientific surgical procedures and introduced tube feeding
1798-Discovery of vaccination to smallpox
-Average life span 40-50 years -
19th Century
-Rapid advancements due to discoveries of anesthesia,vaccinations, and microorganisms
1816-When the stethoscope invented
1860-Formal training for nurses began
-Women became active
1893-First open heart surgery
-When microorganisms were associated with disease, infection control developed
1895-When the X-ray was invented
-Average life span 40-60 years -
20th Century
1901-Discovery of ABO blood groups
-White cells protect against diseases
-New medications
1922- Insulin=treat diabetes
1928- Antibiotics=fight infections
-New machines
1943-Kidney Dialysis machine
1953-Heart Lung machine
-Surgical and diagnostic techniques developed to cure once fatal conditions
1953-Discovery of Structure of DNA and research in gene therapy beings -
20th Century (Continued)
1956-First Bone Marrow Transplant
1978-Test tube babies
1960: Kidney
1963: Liver
1967: Heart
1982: Artificial Heart -
20th-21st Century
1910-Laparoscopic Surgery
1970’s: Targeted Cancer Therapies
-Know and kill the cancer
1990: Smoke Free Laws
1996: Advances in HIV Medication
-A "death sentence disease" into a chronic disease
1999: Rapid advances in Stem Cell Research
-Lost damaged tissue into re-created lost
2001-First totally artificial heart implant
2003-The complete project of Human Genome
-Mapped out human diseases
2005-Face Transplants, Vaccines
2006-HPV, Prevent Cervical Cancer
2015-Malaria, Ebola -
20th Century Vaccines
Diptheria – 1921
Tuberculosis – 1925
Pertussis – 1927
Typhus – 1937
Influenza – 1945
Oral Polio – 1962
Measles – 1963
Mumps – 1967
Rubella – 1970
Chicken Pox – 1974
Streptococcus Pneumonia – 1977
Meningitis – 1978
Hepatitis B – 1981
Hepatitis A – 1992
Lyme Disease – 1998
Rotavirus - 1998
