History of Medicine - (Traeton Benner)

Primitive Times

4000 BCE

Illness and disease were a punishment from the gods and were caused by demons.
Tribal doctors used herbs and plants during ceremonies to treat illness. As well as Trepanation/trephining.
Cast spells and charms to get rid of evil spirits.
Life Span: 20

Ancient Egyptians

3000 BCE

The physicians were priests who kept the first health records. They used leeches to suck out all the bad blood.
Life Span: 20-30

Ancient Chinese

1700 BCE

Believed it was necessary to treat the whole body, spiritually and physically. Had medical records and used herbs and acupuncture as medicine. They searched for medical reasons for illness and dint blame it on demons.
Life Span: 20-30

Ancient Greeks

1200 BCE

The Father of Medicine, Hippocrates, was the first to observe the effects of diseases on the human body. It was believed that illness was caused by natural causes and could be prevented by diet, hygiene, and exercise. Used therapies.
Life Span: 25-35

Ancient Romans

753 BCE

First organized medical care by having care for the military. Hospitals were religious institutions. They also had the first public health and sanitation system with sewers and aqueducts. The body is regulated by four humors: blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile.
Would use opium and scopolamine as a pain relief during surgery.
Life Span: 25-35

Dark Ages

400

Saving the soul and study of medicine was prohibited. Prayer and divine intervention treated illness. Monks and priests provided care for the sick. Medications were made of herbs.
Life Span:20-30

Middle Ages

800

Medical practices were similar to Greeks and Romans.
1100: Arabs required physicians to pass examinations and obtain licenses
1346: The bubonic Plague killed 75%
Plague doctors contracted by the government
1220: Medical Universities established
Most medicine was sweet-smelling herbs
Life Span: 20-35

Renaissance

1350

Science of Medicine with beginnings of body dissections.
Increased knowledge in anatomy and physiology
1440: The printing press invented allowing for medical books to be shared
1543: First anatomy book written by Andreas Vesalius
Used surgery, dentistry, and microbiology
Life Span: 30-40

16th and 17th Centuries

1500

Knowledge of the human body increased greatly
1500s: Ambroise Pare, Father of Modern Surgey. established ligatures to stop bleeding
1600s: Apothecaries(early pharmacist) made, prescribed and sold medicine
1670: Microscope invented
Allowed people to see disease-causing organisms
The physicians didn't know that the organisms caused disease through
Life Span: 35-45

18th Century

1700

1714: Gabriel Fahrenheit created the mercury thermometer
1760: Benjamin Franklin invented bifocals
1778: John Hunter introduced tube feeding and established surgical procedures
1798: Smallpox vaccine
Life Span: 40-50

19th Century

1800

Discovered microorganisms, anesthesia, and vaccines
1816: Rene Laennec invented the stethoscope
1860: Formal training for nurses
1893: Daniel Williams performed the first open-heart surgery
1895: X-Ray machine
Life Span: 40-60

20th Century

1900

1901: Discovered ABO blood groups
New Medications were developed like insulin in 1922 and antibiotics in 1928
New machines were developed: the kidney dialysis machine in 1943 and the heart-lung machine in 1953
1953: Discovery of the structure of DNA and began research on gene therapy
1956: First bone marrow transplant
1978:Test tube babies
Organ transplants - Kidney(1960), Liver(1963), Heart(1967), and artificial heart(1982)
Vaccines for DTP, influenza, chicken pox, measles, etc... were created

20th-21st Century

1900

1910: Laparoscopic Surgery
1970s: Targeted Cancer Therapies
1990: Smoke Free Laws(decrease 2nd hand smoke)
1996: Advances in HIV meds
1999: Stem cell research
2001: The first implantable artificial heart was placed in Louisville, Ky.
2003: Human Genome Project
2005: Face Implants
21st-century vaccines:
2006-HPV
2015-Malaria and Ebola