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4000 BCE
primitive times
-illnesses from evil spirits or punishment from god-witch doctors treated illness-used herbs and plants as their medicine-trepanation removing piece of bone from the skull-lifespan usually 20 years -
3000 BCE
ancient egyptians
priests were physicians,used bloodletting and leaches for treatment and lifespan 20-30 years -
1700 BCE
Ancient chinese
Need to treat whole body by curing spirit and nourishing the body,searched for medical reasons of illness and average lifespan 20-30 years -
1200 BCE
Ancient greeks
Hippocrates father of medicine and other physicians ,first to observe human body,natural and stressed ways to be healthy and average life span 25-30 years -
753 BCE
ancient romans
first to have an organized medical care and hospitals considered religious charitable institutions.First public health and sanitation by building aqueducts and sewers. believed body was regulated by four humors blood=lust, phlegm= slow response,yellow bile=anger and black bile=depression
average lifespan=25 to 35 years -
400
Dark Ages
focused on saving the soul and medical study was prohibited,prayer and divine intervention to cure illness/disease.the monks would have to treat people with mainly herbs. life span dropped to 20-30 -
800
middle ages
Renewed interest in medical practices of Greek and Romans
Arabs began requiring physicians to pass examinations and obtain licenses. Bubonic Plague killed 75% of population in Europe and Asia
Medical Universities were established
Average life span was 20-35 years -
1350
renaissance
body dissections led to increased knowledge of anatomy and physiology.1440 invention of printing press allowing medical knowledge to be spread.first anatomy book published by Andreas Vesalius.avg lifespan=30-40 years
cause of disease still a mystery -
1500
ambroise pare
knowledge of the human body greatly increased ambroise pare a french surgeon father of modern surgery established the use of ligatures to stop bleeding -
apothecaries
apothecaries (early pharmacists) prescribed, sold and made medications. avg lifespan=35-45 years -
Invention of the microscope
allowed physicians to see disease causing organisms huge advancement -
the thermometer
first mercury thermometer created by gabriel Fahrenheit -
bifocals
Benjamin Franklin invented bifocals-pair of glasses with 2 different lenses of different focal lengths -
John hunter
John Hunter established scientific surgical procedures and introduced tube feeding -
smallpox
smallpox vaccine was discovered and avg lifetime was 40- 50 years -
stethoscope
the stethoscope was invented an item used to hear the action of someones heart -
formal nurse training
formal training for nurses began,women were the most active participants -
open heart surgery
First Open Heart Surgery as well as Infection control was developed once microorganisms were associated with diseases. -
X-ray machine
rapid advancements due to discovery of microorganisms,anesthesia and vaccinations as well as the x-ray machine avg lifespan 40-60 years -
Blood groups
A,B,O blood groups discovered and how white blood cells protect against disease -
laparoscopic surgery
laparoscopic surgery/minimal invasive surgery -
new medication
Insulin discovered and used to treat diabetes -
new medication
penicillin an Antibiotic developed to fight infections -
new machines
kidney dialysis machines help your body remove extra fluid and waste products from your blood when the kidneys are not able to -
DNZ
The structure of DNA was discovered and research in gene therapy began -
bone marrow
First Bone Marrow Transplant which also Initiated Embryonic Stem Cell Research. -
Organ transplants
Kidney,Liver,Heart and Artificial Heart transplants -
cancer therapies
Targeted Cancer Therapies Interfere with the spread of cancer by blocking cells involved in tumor growth Identify and kill the cancer cells. -
test tube babies
test tube babies- a baby produced from an egg that was fertilized outside of a woman's body and then put back into the woman's body to finish developing. -
smoking laws
Smoke Free Laws lead to
Decrease in 2nd Hand Smoke -
advances in HIV medicine
Turned a “death sentence disease” into a manageable chronic disease – Normal Life Span -
rapid advances in stem cell research
learned how to re-create lost and damaged tissue -
vaccines
Diptheria – 1921
Tuberculosis – 1925
Pertussis – 1927
Typhus – 1937
Influenza – 1945
Oral Polio – 1962
Measles – 1963
Mumps – 1967
Rubella – 1970
Chicken Pox – 1974
Streptococcus Pneumonia – 1977
Meningitis – 1978
Hepatitis B – 1981
Hepatitis A – 1992
Lyme Disease – 1998
Rotavirus - 1998 -
first artificial implantable heart
The first totally implantable artificial heart was placed in a patient in Louisville, Ky. In -
human genome project completed
Mapped out human diseases in an effort to get an handle on genetic and autoimmune diseases -
first face transplant
the swapping of face -
vaccines
2006: HPV (Human Papillomavirus Vaccine)
Prevent Cervical Cancer
2015: Malaria
2015: Ebola