-
4000 BCE
Primitive Times
illness and Diseases were Caused by evil spirits and demons but also a punishment from the gods
life spam around 20 years
Tribal witch doctors treated illness with ceremonies
Trepanation or trephining (taking a piece of bone from the skull) -
3000 BCE
Ancient Egyptians (3000 - 300 BC)
Physicians were priests
The fist health record was recorded by a Ancient Egyptian
Used leeches as medical treatment
life spam was around 20-30 years -
1200 BCE
Ancient Greeks 1200 BC –200 BC
life spam was 25-35 years
used therapies like massage, art and herbal therapy
believed illness was natural cause -
753 BCE
Ancient Romans 753 BC – AD 410
Life span was 25-35 years
First to organize medical care by providing care for injured soldiers
Later hospitals were religious and charitable institutions in monasteries and convents
First public health and sanitation systems by building sewers and aqueducts
Galen established belief that the body was regulated by four body humors; blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile -
16
16th and 17th Centuries
Apothecaries (early pharmacists) made, prescribed, and sold medications
Ambroise Pare (1510-1590), a French surgeon, known as the Father of Modern Surgery established use of ligatures to stop bleeding
Average life span 35-45 years
Cause of disease still not known – many people died from infections -
18
18th Century
Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686-1736) created the first mercury thermometer
Smallpox vaccine discovered 1798
Average life span 40-50 years -
19
19th Century
Women became active participants in health care
Average life span 40-60 years First Open Heart Surgery - 1893
Infection control developed once microorganisms were associated with disease
Invention of the stethoscope - 1816 -
20
20th Century
RAPID GROWTH in Health Care
Increased knowledge about the role of blood in the body
New machines developed
X-Ray
Kidney Dialysis Machine
Heart Lung Machine
Surgical and diagnostic techniques developed to cure once fatal conditions
First Bone Marrow Transplant - 1956 -
20
20th Century Vaccines
Diptheria – 1921
Tuberculosis – 1925
Pertussis – 1927
Typhus – 1937
Influenza – 1945
Oral Polio – 1962
Measles – 1963
Mumps – 1967
Rubella – 1970
Chicken Pox – 1974
Streptococcus Pneumonia – 1977
Meningitis – 1978
Hepatitis B – 1981
Hepatitis A – 1992
Lyme Disease – 1998
Rotavirus - 1998 -
21
21st Century
The first totally implantable artificial heart was placed in a patient in Louisville, Ky. In 2001
Human Genome Project
Advances in HIV Medication
Face Transplants – 2005
Vaccines -
400
Dark Ages AD 400 – AD 800
Average life span was 20-30 years
Monks and priests provided custodial care for sick people
Medications were mainly herbal mixtures
Prayer and divine intervention were used to treat illness & disease -
800
AD 800 – AD 1400 Middle Ages
Renewed interest in medical practices of Greek and Romans
Bubonic Plague, 1300s killed 75% of population in Europe and Asia
Major diseases included smallpox, diphtheria, tuberculosis, typhoid, the plaque, and malaria
Medical Universities were established in the 9th Century
Arabs began requiring physicians pass examinations and obtain licenses
Average life span was 20-35 years -
1350
AD 1350 – AD 1650 Renaissance
Rebirth of Science of Medicine
Body Dissections led to increased understanding of anatomy and physiology
Invention of printing press allowed medical knowledge to be shared
First anatomy book was published by Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564)
Average life span was 30-40 years
Disease cause STILL a mystery -
Ancient Chinese (1700 BC - 220 AD)
Life spam 20-30 years
Treated the whole body by curing the spirit and nourishing the body
Used Acupuncture
Started looking for medical reasons for illness