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4000 BCE
Primitive Times
- Illness and diseases were caused by supernatural spirits and demons
- herbs and plants are used for medicine *trepanation was a common practice *trepanation: a whole that is burred into the scull to treat insanity
- lifespan 20 years
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3000 BCE
Ancient Egyptians
- doctors and physicians were priests
- bloodletting was a common practice
- Average lifespan: 20-30
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1700 BCE
Ancient Chinese
- Have to treat and cure the spirits in the body (commonly done my herbs/ medicines)
- began acupuncture
- started finding real explanations for sicknesses rather than thinking its demons
- Average Life Span: 20-30 years
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1200 BCE
Ancient Greeks
- Hippocrates (Father of Medicine) -believed that illnesses were caused naturally and not spiritually
- he also was the first to observe the human body and how diseases affected it -Found that diets, exercise, and hygiene are good ways to prevent diseases.
- Lifespan: 25-35 years
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753 BCE
Ancient Romans
- provided the first organized medical care
- built aqueducts, baths, and sewers for better hygiene
- A common belief that there were 4 body humors; blood, phlegm, black bile , and yellow bile
- Lifespan: 25-35 years
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400 BCE
Dark Ages
- the idea that illness and disease were caused by supernatural powers and not naturally
- medical studies were prohibited
- "medicines" were just herbal mixtures and healing was done by prayers
- Lifespan: 20-30 years
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800
Middle Ages
- Starts believing in naturally caused illness and diseases
- Medical Universities were created
- Major diseases and viruses went around -Bubonic Plague (killed 3/4 of the population) -smallpox -diphtheria -tuberculosis -malaria
- Lifespan: 20-35 years
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1350
Renissance
- Rebirth of Science of Medicine
- Deeper understanding of anatomy and physiology
- Invention of the printing press
- First anatomy book was published by Andreas Vesalius
- Lifespan: 30-40 years
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1500
16th and 17th Century
- Overall knowledge on the body increases
- Apothecaries made, perspective and sold medicines (early pharmacists)
- invention of the microscope -allowed scientists and physicians see small organisms and diseases -found that a lot of people die from infections
- Lifespan: 35-45 years
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18th Century
- Benjamin Franklin invented bifocals (glasses)
- creation of the first mercury thermometer
- found the smallpox vaccine which was the vaccinia virus (cowpox)
- Lifespan 40-50 years
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19th Century
- lots and lots of discoveries of microorganisms, anesthesia and vaccinations
- X-ray Machine developed
- First ever open heart surgery (used the new developed anesthesia)
- training for nurses *Lifespan: 40-60 years
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20th Century
- ABO Blood groups were discovered. (A, B, AB, O)
- 1922- Insulin was discovered *1928- Penicillin was discovered *gene therapy begins due to the discovery of the DNA structure
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20th Century Vaccines
- Tuberculosis - 1925
- Influenza - 1945
- Measles - 1963
- Rubella - 1970
- Chicken Pox- 1974
- Lyme Disease- 1998
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20th Century (continues)
- First Bone Marrow Transplant
- Test tube babies
- ORGAN TRANSPLANTS!!! -Kidney -Liver -Heart