-
4000 BCE
primitive times
-illnesses were punishments from god; caused by evil spirits and demons
-witch doctors treated them with ceremonies
-used herbs and plants as medication
-surgically drilled a hole in your skull to "release the bad spirit"
average life span-20 years -
3000 BCE
ancient egyptians
-physicians were priests
ancient egyptians were the first to record health records
-used bloodletting and leeches to get bad blood out
-average life span 20-30 years -
1700 BCE
ancient chinese
-believed in treating the whole body by curing the spirit and nourishing your body
-medications based mostly on herbs
-acupuncture
-began searching for reasons for illness
- average lifespan 20-30 years -
200 BCE
ancient greeks
-hippocrates was the first to observe the human body and effects of disease which led to modern medical sciences
-believed illnesses were caused naturally
-used therapies like massarge, art, herbal treatment
-life span 25-35 years -
410
ancient romans
-First to organize medical care by providing care for injured soldiers
-Later hospitals were religious and charitable institutions in monasteries and convents
-First public health and sanitation systems by building sewers and aqueducts
-Galen established belief that the body was regulated by four body humors; blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile
average Life span 25-35 years -
800
dark ages
-Emphasis on saving the soul and study of medicine was prohibited
-Prayer and divine intervention were used to treat illness & disease
-Monks and priests provide custodial care for sick people
-Medications were mainly herbal mixtures
-Average life span 20-30 years
-Disease Cause still blamed on circumstance, but no understanding -
1399
middle ages
-renewed medical practices of greek and romans
-arabs required physicians to pass test to obtain license -
1495
1500's
-Ambroise Pare, a French surgeon, known as the Father of Modern Surgery established use of ligatures to stop bleeding -
1600
-Apothecaries (early pharmacists) made, prescribed, and sold medications -
renaissance
-Rebirth of Science of Medicine
-Body Dissections led to increased understanding of anatomy and physiology
1440- Invention of printing press allowed medical knowledge to be shared
1543- First anatomy book was published by Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564)
-Average life span was 30-40 years
-Disease cause STILL a mystery -
1670
-Invention of the microscope
-Allowed physicians to see disease-causing organisms.
-Average life span 35-45 years
-Cause of disease still not known – many people died from infections
-Some enlightenment though due to microscope -
1714
Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686-1736) created the first mercury thermometer -
1760
Benjamin Franklin invented bifocals -
1778
John Hunter established scientific surgical procedures and introduced tube feeding -
1798
-Smallpox vaccine discovered
-Average life span 40-50 years -
1816
Invention of the stethoscope -
1860
-Formal training for nurses began
-Women became active participants in health care
-Average life span 40-60 years -
1893
First Open Heart Surgery -
1895
-X-Ray Machine Developed -
1901
-ABO blood groups discovered
-Found out how white blood cells protect against disease
-New medications were developed -
laparoscopic surgery
-Minimal Invasive Surgery -
20th century vaccines
Diptheria – 1921
Tuberculosis – 1925
Pertussis – 1927
Typhus – 1937
Influenza – 1945
Oral Polio – 1962
Measles – 1963
Mumps – 1967
Rubella – 1970
Chicken Pox – 1974
Streptococcus Pneumonia – 1977
Meningitis – 1978
Hepatitis B – 1981
Hepatitis A – 1992
Lyme Disease – 1998
Rotavirus - 1998 -
1922
Insulin discovered and used to treat diabetes -
1928
-Antibiotics developed to fight infections (penicillin)
-New machines developed -
1943
Kidney Dialysis Machine -
1953
-Heart Lung Machine
-Surgical and diagnostic techniques developed to cure once fatal conditions
-Structure of DNA discovered and research in gene therapy begins -
1956
-First Bone Marrow Transplant
-Initiated Embryonic Stem Cell Research -
organ transplants
1960: Kidney
1963: Liver
1967: Heart
1982: Artificial Heart -
targeted cancer therapies
-Interfere with the spread of cancer by blocking cells involved in tumor growth
-Identify and kill the cancer cells -
1978
Test tube babies -
smoke free laws
Decrease in 2nd Hand Smoke -
advances in HIV medication
Turned a “death sentence disease” into a manageable chronic disease – Normal Life Span -
rapid advances in stem cell research
Re-Create lost/damaged tissue -
2001
The first totally implantable artificial heart was placed in a patient in Louisville, Ky. In -
human genome project completed
Mapped out human diseases in an effort to get an handle on genetic and autoimmune diseases -
2005
-Face Transplants -
vaccines
2006: HPV (Human Papillomavirus Vaccine)
Prevent Cervical Cancer
2015: Malaria
2015: Ebola