-
4000 BCE
primitive times
-Illness and diseases were Caused by evil spirits and demons
- A punishment form the gods
depending on the sickness it tells you what god you upset
-Tribal witch doctors treated illness with ceremonies
-Herbs and plants used as medicines
-Trepidation
removing a piece of the skull to release the evil spirits
-Average life span was around 20 years -
300 BCE
Ancient Egyptians
-Physicians were priests
-Health Records were first recorded by the ancient Egyptians
-Bloodletting or leeches used as medical treatment
-Average life span was 20-30 years -
220 BCE
Ancient Greeks
-Hippocrates (Father of Medicine) and other physicians arose
-They were the first to observe the human body and the effects of disease...led to modern medical sciences
-Believed that illness came from natural causes
-Began to use therapies such as massage, art, and herbal treatment
-Used a stressed diet, hygiene and exercise
Began to prevent diseases
-Average life span was 25-35 years -
220
Ancient Chinese
-To be cured you needed to treat and nourish the body
-Had a recorded pharmacopoeia mainly based
-Preformed a new therapies such as acupuncture
-Started to look for actual medical reasons for illnesses
-Average life span was 20-30 years -
410
Ancient Romans
-First to have medical care for injured soldiers
-hospitals were mainly religious and charitable institutions in monasteries and convents
-First public health and sanitation systems
sewer and aqueduct systems
-Galen created a belief that the body was regulated by four body humors
blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile
-Life span was 25-35 years -
800
dark ages
-Focused on saving the soul
- The study of medicine was prohibited
-Prayer and divine intervention were used to treat illness and disease
-Monks and priests give care to those who were sick
-All medications were mainly made from herbs
-Disease was still blamed on circumstance with no understanding
-Average life span was 20-30 years -
1400
Middle ages
-Renewed interest in medical practices from the Greeks and Romans
-1100: Arabs began requiring physicians to pass examinations and obtain licenses to begin practice in the feild
-1346-1353
Bubonic Plague killed 75% of population in Europe and Asia
-Major diseases were
smallpox, diphtheria, tuberculosis, typhoid, the plaque, & malaria
-1220-1255:
Medical Universities were established
-Average life span was 20-35 years -
renaissance
-Rebirth of Science of Medicine
-Body Dissections led to increased understanding of human anatomy
-1440
Printing press allowed medical knowledge to be shared around
1543
First anatomy book was published by Andreas Vesalius
- Still had no idea what caused disease and infection
-Average life span was 30-40 years -
16th and 17th century
-Knowledge regarding the human body increased
-1500’s
Ambroise Pare a French surgeon (Father of Modern Surgery) made ligatures to help stop bleeding
-1600’s
Apothecaries (early pharmacists) made, prescribed, and sold medications
-1670
the first microscope
-Physicians were able to know see disease causing organisms
- A great advancement in the medical field
-Still not all knowing in disease but with the microscope they gained more knowledge
-Average life span 35-45 years -
18th century
-1714
Gabriel Fahrenheit created the first thermometer made with murcurey
-1760
Benjamin Franklin invented bifocals (glasses)
-1778
John Hunter created scientific surgical procedures and tube feeding
-1798
Smallpox vaccine discovered
-Average life span 40-50 years -
19th century
-Rapid advancements due to discoveries of microorganisms, anesthesia, and vaccinations
-1895
X-Ray Machine Developed
-1893
First Open Heart Surgery done by Daniel Hale Williams
- More Infection control developed once microorganisms were thought to be connected with disease
-1816
Invention of the stethoscope by Rene Laennec
-1860
Formal training for nurses began
-Women became active participants in health care often as nurses
-Average life span 40-60 years -
20th century
-1901
blood groups discovered
-Found white blood cells help protect against disease
-New medications were developed
-1922
Insulin discovered and used to treat diabetes
-1928
Antibiotics developed to fight infections (penicillin)
-New machines developed
Kidney Dialysis Machine (1943) Heart Lung Machine (1953)
-Surgical and diagnostic techniques created to cure once fatal conditions
-1953
Structure of DNA discovered and research in gene therapy arises -
20th centy pt. 2
-1956
First Bone Marrow Transplant
-Initiated Embryonic Stem Cell Research
-1978
Test tube babies (coolest thing ever)
-The first test tube baby is Louise brown being born in July of 78
-Organ Transplants
Kidney (1960) Liver (1963) Heart (1967) Artificial heart or assist
device (1982) -
20th century vac
Diptheria – 1921
Tuberculosis – 1925
Pertussis – 1927
Typhus – 1937
Influenza – 1945
Oral Polio – 1962
Measles – 1963
Mumps – 1967
Rubella – 1970
Chicken Pox – 1974
Streptococcus Pneumonia – 1977
Meningitis – 1978
Hepatitis B – 1981
Hepatitis A – 1992
Lyme Disease – 1998
Rotavirus - 1998 -
20th and 21st century TOP
-1910
Laparoscopic Surgery
-Minimal Invasive Surgery
-1970’s
Targeted Cancer Therapies
Interfere with the spread of cancer by blocking cells involved in
tumor growth
Identify and kill the cancer cells
-1990
Smoke Free Laws
Decrease in 2nd Hand Smoke
-1996
Advances in HIV Medication
Turned a “death sentence disease” into a normal lifespan
-1999
Rapid advances in Stem Cell Research
-Re-Create lost/damaged tissue -
21st century TOP
-2001
The first totally implantable artificial heart was placed in a patient
in Louisville, Ky. In
-2003
Human Genome Project Completed
Mapped out human diseases in an effort to gain control on
genetic and autoimmune diseases
-2005
Face Transplants
VACCIENS
-2006
HPV (Human Papillomavirus Vaccine)
Prevent Cervical Cancer
-2015
Malaria
-2015
Ebola