-
4000 BCE
Primitive Times
*Illness were cause by evil spirits or punishment from the gods.
*witch doctors cured diseases
*herbs were a huge part of treating Illness
*Trepanation was when someone would remove and chunk of your skull.
*average lifespan was 20 years -
3000 BCE
Ancient Egyptians
- Physicians were priests *First health records recorded were by the Egyptians
- bloodletting and leaches used for medical use *Average lifespan was 20-30 years
-
1700 BCE
Ancient Chinese
*people believed that to heal the whole body you had to heal the soul and nourished the body.
*medicines were primarily made up of herbs
* acupuncture was very popular around this time.
*beginning of research into reasons for illness
* average life span 20-30 years -
1200 BCE
Ancient Greeks
*Hippocrates(father of medicine) and other physician
*First look into the human body and effects of diseases-led
to modern medical sciences.
*Believed illness is a result of natural causes
*Used such therapies such as art therapy, massage
therapy, and herbal treatment.
*Stressed diet,hygiene and exercise as a way to prevent
disease.
*Average life span was 25-35 years -
753 BCE
Ancient Romans
*First to organize medical care by providing care for injured
soldiers
*Later hospital were religious and charitable institutions in
monasteries and convents
*First public health and sanitation systems by building and
sewers aqueducts.
*Galen established belief that the body was regulated by
four body humor; blood, phlegm,black bile and yellow bile
* average life span 25-35 -
400
Dark ages
*Emphasis on saving the soul and outlawing the study of
medicine
*praying and divine intervention were the main ways of
"treating illness"
*monks and priest were the caretakers of sick people
*herbal mixtures was the medication for people.
*the average life span was 20-30 years
*the cause for disease was blamed on the circumstance but
no understanding. -
800
Middle ages
*renewed interest in medical practice of the Greeks and the
Romans
* in 1100 Arabs began requiring physicians pass
examinations and obtaining licenses.
*in 1346-1353 bubonic plague killed 75% of the population
in Europe and Asia.
*some major diseases around this time are
smallpox,diphtheria,tuberculosis,typhoid,the plague,and
malaria.
*in 1220-1255 Medical universities were established
*the average lifespan was 20-35 -
1350
Renaissance
*rebirth of science of medicine
*body dissections led to a better understanding of the
human body anatomy and the physiology.
*1440 invention of printing press which allowed medical
knowledge to be shared in a more convenient way.
*in 1543 The first anatomy book was published by Andreas
Vesalius.
*the average life span was 30-40
*cause disease was still a mystery -
16th and 17th century
*massive increase in understanding of the human body.
*In the 1500's ambroise pare , a french surgeon , know as
the father of modern surgeon established the use of
ligatures to stop bleeding.
*1600's apothecaries (early pharmacists) made prescribed,
and sold medication
*in 1670 invention of the microscope
*allowed physicians to see disease-causing organisms
*huge advancement
*the average life span is 35-45
*causes for diseases still unknown many people died from
infections. -
First Thermometer
*Gabriel Fahrenheit created the first mercury thermometer -
Bifocals
*Benjamin Franklin invented Bifocals -
1778
*John hunter established scientific surgical procedures and
introduction of the feeding tube. -
1798
*Smallpox vaccine discovered
*average life span for someone in the 18th century is 40-50
years. -
1816
*invention of the stethoscope -
1860
*formal training for nurses began
*women become an active participant in health care -
1893
*First open heart surgery -
1895
*x-ray machine is developed
*in the 18th century there was rapid developments due to
discoveries of microorganisms, anesthesia, and
vaccinations,
*The average life span in the 18th century was 40-60 years. -
1901
*ABO blood groups discovered
*found out about how white blood cells protect against
disease. -
1910
*laparoscopic Surgery
* minimal invasive surgery -
1922
*Insulin was discovered and used to treat diabetes -
1928
*Antibiotics developed to fight infections(Penicillin) -
1943
*kidney dialysis machine -
1953
*heart lung machine
*Surgical and diagnostic techniques developed to cure once
fatal conditions.
*Structure of DNA discovered and research in gene therapy
begins. -
1956
*First bone marrow transplant
*Initiated embryonic stem cell research -
1960-1982
*successful organ transplants
*kidney in 1960
* liver in 1963
*heart in 1967
* artificial heart in 1982 -
1970's
*Targeted cancer therapies
*interfere with the spread of cancer by blocking cell
involved with tumor growth
*Identifies and kills cancer cells -
1990
*smoke free laws
*decreased 2nd hand smoking. -
1996
*Advances in HIV medications
*turned a " a death sentence disease" into a manageable
chronic disease - normal life span -
1921-1998
*Vaccines made in this time range
*Diptheria in 1921
*Tuberculosis in 1925
*Pertussis in 1927
*Typhus in 1937
*Influenza in 1945
*Oral polio in 1962
*Measles in 1963
*Mumps in 1967
*Rubella in 1970
*Chicken pox in 1974
*Streptococcus Pneumonia in 1977
*Meningitis in 1978
*hepatitis B in 1981
*hepatitis A in 1992
*Lyme disease in 1992
*Rotavirus in 1998 -
1999
*Rapid developments in stem cell research
* Re-create lost/damaged tissue -
2001
*The first totally implantable artificial heart was placed in a
patient in Louisville. -
2003
*Human genome project completed
*mapped out human diseases in an effort to get an handle
on genetic and autoimmune diseases -
2005
*face transplant -
2006
*Vaccine for HPV ( Human Papillomavirus vaccine)
*prevents human cervical cancer. -
2015
*Vaccines for malaria and ebola are made.