-
4000 BCE
Primitive Times
*Illness and disease were caused by evil spirits
*Witch doctors treated illness
*Plants and herbs used as medicines
*Trepanation was used to release the evil spirit from the head
*Life span was 20 years -
3000 BCE
Ancient Egyptians
*Physicians were priests
*Bloodletting or leeches used as medical treatment
*Life span was 20-30 years -
1700 BCE
Ancient Chinese
*Treat whole body to cure the spirit
*Used Acupuncture
*Searched for medical reasons for illness
*Life span was 20-30 years -
1200 BCE
Ancient Greeks
*Hippocrates and other physicians were the first to observe the human body and the effects of disease
*Believed illness was a natural cause
*Changed diet, hygiene, and exercise
*Life span was 25-35 years -
753 BCE
Ancient Romans
*Organized medical care
*Sanitation systems by building sewers
*Believed body was regulated by four body humors; blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile
*Life span was 25-35 years -
400
Dark Ages
*Prayer was used to treat disease
*Study of medicine was prohibited
*Medications were mainly herbs
*Life span was 20-30 years -
800
Middle Ages
*Renewed interest in medical practice
*Required physicians to pass test
*Bubonic Plague killed 75% of the population
*Medical Universities were established
*Life span was 20-35 years -
1350
Renaissance
*Rebirth of Science of Medicine
*Body Dissections increased understanding of anatomy
*Invention of Printing press
*Life span was 30-40 years
*Disease cause was still a mystery -
1500
16 and 17 Centuries
*Knowledge of human body increased
*Use of ligatures to stop bleeding
*Invention of Microscope
*Life span 35-45 years -
18th Century
*Gabriel Fahrenheit created the first thermometer
*Benjamin Franklin invented bifocals
*John Hunter introduced tube feeding
*Smallpox vaccine discovered
*Life span 40-50 years -
19th Century
*Developed X-Ray Machine
*First open Heart Surgery
*Invention of the stethoscope
*Life span 40-60 years -
20th Century
- ABO blood groups discovered- Found how white blood cells protected against disease
-
20th-21st Century
1910
*Laparoscopic Surgery
*Minimal Invasive Surgery -
New Medications were developed
*Insulin discovered and used to treat diabetes
*Antibiotics developed to fight infections -
New machines developed
*1943: Kidney Dialysis Machine
*1953: Heart Lung Machine
*1953: Structure of DNA discovered and research in gene therapy begins -
20th Century
*1956: First Bone Marrow Transplant
*1978: Test tube babies -
Organ Transplants
*1960: Kidney
*1963: Liver
*1967: Heart
*1982: Artificial Heart -
1970s
Targeted Cancer Therapies
*Interfere with the spread of cancer by blocking cells involved in tumor growth
*Identify and kill the cancer cells -
1990
Smoke Free Laws
* Decrease in 2nd Hand smoke -
1996
Advances in HIV Medication
*Turned a death sentence disease into a manageable chronic disease - Normal life span -
20th Century Vaccines
*Diptheria-1921
*Tuberculosis-1925
*Pertussis-1927
*Typhus-1937
*Influenza-1945
*Oral Polio-1962
*Measles-1963
*Mumps-1967
*Rubella-1970
*Chicken Pox-1974
*Pneumonia-1977
*Meningitis-1978
*Hepatitis B-1981
*Hepatitis A-1992
*Lyme Disease-1998
*Rotavirus-1998 -
1999
Rapid advances in Stem Cell Research
*Re-Create lost/damaged tissue -
2001
*The first totally implantable artificial heart was placed in a patient in Louisville, Ky. In -
2003
Human Genome Project Completed
*Mapped out human diseases in an effort to get an handle on genetic and autoimmune diseases -
2005 and Vaccines
*2005: Face Transplants
*Vaccines
*2006-HPV
*2015-Malaria
*2015-Ebola