History of Medicine- Angela Zervudakis

Primitive Times

4000 BCE

-Illnesses were caused by demons and evil spirts, or it was a punishment from the gods.
-Herbs and plants were used as medicine
-Trepanation
- Tribal witch doctors treated illness with ceremonies
- Life span was 20 years

Ancient Egyptians

3000 BCE

• Bloodletting or leeches were used as medical treatment
• Physicians were preists
• Believed praying was a soulution the health problems
• Time span was 20-30

Ancient Chinese

1700 BCE

• Belived in needing to treat the whole body by curing the spirit and nourishing the body
• began searching for meical reasons for illness
• Life span was 20-30 years

Ancient Greeks

1200 BCE

-Hippocrates (Father of medicine) and other physicians
-first to observe the human body and the effects of diseases that lead to modern medical sciences.
-Believed illness is a result of natyral causes.
-Average life span 25-35

Ancient Romans

753 BCE

-First to organize medical care by providing care for injured soldiers.
-First public health and sanatation systems by building sewers and aqueducts
-Life span 25-35

Dark Ages

400

-Lost interest in Ancient Greeks and Romans discoveries
-Prayer and divine intervention were used to treat illness and disease
-Medication was a herb mix
-Average life span 20-30

Middle Ages

800

-Gained back interest in medical practices of Ancient Greeks and Romans
-Arabs began to require physicians pass examinations and obtain licsens

Renaissance

1350

-Rebirth of science and medicine
-Dissection of a body made it a beeter understanding for anatomy and physiology
Micheal Servetus described the circulatory system in the lungs and explained how digestion is a source of heat for the heart.
-Invention of printing press allowed medical knowladge to be shared-- First anatomy book was published by Andreas Vesaluis
-Disease cause is still a mystery
- Life span was 30-40

16th and 17th Centuries

1501

-Knowlage regarding the human body greatly increased
-A French Surgeon, Ambroise Pare used ligatures to stop bleeding
-An early pharmacist, Apothecaries made, perscribed, and sold medications
-Zacharius Janssen invented microscopes
The invention of thermometers
-Cause of death is still not known, people die from infections
Life span is 35-45

18th Century

1701

-Benjamin Franklin invented bifocals
-John Hunter established scientific surgical procedures and introduced tube feeding
-John Brown expounded his view that there were only two diseases, sthenic (strong) and asthenic (weak)
-Smallpox vaccine discovered
-Life span was 40-50

19th Century

1801

-Rapid advancements due to discoveries of microorganisms, anesthesia, and vaccinations
-First Open Heart Surgery
-Infection control developed once microorganisms were associated with disease
-Rene Laennec invented the stethoscope
-Formal training for nurses began
-Women became active participants in health care
-Average life span is 40-60

20th Century

1901

-RAPID GROWTH in Health Care
-ABO blood groups discovered
-Found out how white blood cells protect against disease
-The structure of DNA and research in gene therapy (Ongoing)
-Insulin discovered and used to treat diabetes
-Antibiotics developed to fight infections
-X-Ray
-Kidney Dialysis Machine
-Heart Lung Machine
-First Bone Marrow Transplant
-Test tube babies
-Organ Transplants
-Kidney, Liver & Heart

-Vladimir Demikhov implanted the first artificial heart

21st Century

2001

-Map out human diseases to get an handle on genetic and autoimmune diseases
-Re-Create lost/damaged tissue
-Advances in HIV Medication
-Turned a “death sentence disease” into a manageable chronic disease
-Interfere with the spread of cancer by blocking cells involved in tumor growth
-Identify and kill the cancer cells
-Laparoscopic Surgery
-Minimal Invasive Surgery
-Smoke Free Laws
-Face Transplants
-Vaccines
-Human Papillomavirus Vaccine
-Prevent Cervical Cancer
-Malaria
-Ebola