History of Medicine (Alvaro)

By Alvaro Guzman13
  • 3000 BCE

    Primitive Times

    Illnesses and Diseases were caused by
    -Evil Spirits and Demons
    -A punishment from the Gods
    Tribal witch doctors treated illness with ceremonies
    -Herbs and plants were used as medicine (morphine and digitalis)
    -Trepanation or Trephining (surgically removing a piece of bone from the Skull)
    -Average life span was 20 years
  • 1770 BCE

    Ancient Chinese

    Believed in the need to treat the whole body by curing the spirit and nourishing the body
    -Recorded a pharmacopoeia of medications based mainly on the use of herbs
    -Uses therapies as an acupuncture
    Began to search for medical reasons for illness
    -Average life span was 20-30 years
  • 1350 BCE

    Renaissance

    Rebirth of science medicine
    -Body Disections led to increased understanding of anatomy and physiology
    -1440: Inventing of printing press allowed medical knowledge to be shared
    1543: first anatomy book was published by Andreas Vesalius
    (1514-1564)
    -Average life span was 30-40 years
    Disease cause still a mystery
  • 753 BCE

    Ancient Romans

    -First to organize medical care by providing care for injured soldiers
    -Later hospitals were religious and charitable institutions in monasteries and convents
    -First public health and sanitation systems by building sewers and aqueducts
    -Galen established belief that the body was regulated by four body humors Blood,Phlegm,Black bile and Yellow bile
    -Life span was 25-35 years
  • 400 BCE

    Dark ages 400-800AD

    -Emphasis on saving the soul and study of medicine was prohibited
    -Prayer and Divine intervention were used to treat illness and disease
    -Monks and priests provide custodial care for sick people

    Medications were mostly herbal mixtures
    -Average Life span was 20-30 years
    Disease caused still blamed on circumstance but no understandinga
  • 300 BCE

    Ancient Egyptians

    Physicians were Priests
    -Health records were first recorded by the ancient Egyptians
    Bloodletting or Leaches were used as medical treatment
    -Average life span 20-30 years
  • 200 BCE

    Ancient Greeks

    Hippocrates(Father of medicine)and other physicians
    -First to observe the human body and affects of disease led to modern medical sciences
    -Believed illness is a result of natural causes
    -Used therapies such as massage art therapy and herbal treatment
    -Stressed Diet,Hygiene and exercise as ways to prevent disease.
    -Average life span was 25-35 years
  • 800

    Middle ages 800-1400AD

    -Renewed interest in medical practices of Greeks and Romans
    -1100:Arabs began requiring physicians pass examinations and obtain licenses
    1346-1353 Bubonic plague killed 75% of population in Europe and Asia major diseases included
    Smallpox, diphtheria,tuberculosis typhoid , the plague and malaria
    -1220-1225 Medical universities were established
    -Average life spam was 20-30 years
  • 1500

    16th and 17th Centuries

    -Knowledge regarding the human body greatly increased
    -1500's Ambroise Pare a French surgeon known as the father of modern surgery established use of ligatures to stop bleeding
    -1600's apothecaries(early pharmacist) made prescribed and sold medication
    -1670: invention of the microscope
    allowed physicans to see diseases

  • 18th Century

    1714:Gabriel Fahrenheit 1686-1736 created the first mercury thermometer
    1760:Benjamin Franklin invented bifocals
    1778:John Hunter established scientific surgical procedures and introduced tube feeding
    1798:Smallpox vaccine discovered
    -Average life span was 40-50 years

  • 19th Century

    -Rapid advancements due to discoveries of microorganisms anesthesia and vaccinations
    1895:X Ray machine developed
    1893:First open heart surgery
    1816:Invention of the stethoscope
    1860:Formal Training for Nurses began
    Average life span was 40-60 years

  • 20th Century

    20th Century
    1901:ABO Blood groups discovered
    found out how white blood cells protect against disease
    -New medications were developed
    1922:Insulin discovered and used to treat diabetes
    1928:antibiotics developed to fight infections(penicillin)
    -New Machines Developed
    1943: Kidney Dialysis Machine
    1953: Heart Lung Machine
    surgical and diagnostic techniques developed to cure one fatal conditions
    -1953 structure of DNA discovered and research in gene therapy begins.

  • 20th Century Vaccines

    Diptheria – 1921
    Tuberculosis – 1925
    Pertussis – 1927
    Typhus – 1937
    Influenza – 1945
    Oral Polio – 1962
    Measles – 1963
    Mumps – 1967
    Rubella – 1970
    Chicken Pox – 1974
    Meningitis – 1978
    Hepatitis B – 1981
    Hepatitis A – 1992
    Lyme Disease – 1998
    Rotavirus - 1998

  • 20th Century (Continued)

    -1956 First Bone Marrow transplant
    initiated embryonic stem cell research
    -1978 Test Tube Babies
    organ transplants
    -1960: Kidney
    -1963 Liver
    -1967 Heart
    -1982 Artificial heart

  • 20th-21st century

    -1910: Laparoscopic Surgery
    Minimal Invasive Surgery
    -1970’s: Targeted Cancer Therapies
    Interfere with the spread of cancer by blocking cells
    involved in tumor growth
    Identify and kill the cancer cells
    -1990: Smoke Free Laws
    Decrease in 2nd Hand Smoke
    -1996: Advances in HIV Medication
    Turned a “death sentence disease” into a manageable
    chronic disease – Normal Life Span
    -1999: Rapid advances in Stem Cell Research
    Re-Create lost/damaged tissue

  • 21st Century top 10

    -2001 The first totally implantable artificial heart was placed in a patient in Louisville
    -2003 Human Geome Project Completed
    Mapped out human diseases in an effort to get a handle on genetic and auto immune diseases
    -2005 Face Transplats
    -Vaccines
    2006 HPV
    Prevent Cervil Cancer
    2015 Malaria
    2015 Ebola