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Illnesses and Diseases were caused by
-Evil Spirits and Demons
-A punishment from the Gods
Tribal witch doctors treated illness with ceremonies
-Herbs and plants were used as medicine (morphine and digitalis)
-Trepanation or Trephining (surgically removing a piece of bone from the Skull)
-Average life span was 20 years -
Believed in the need to treat the whole body by curing the spirit and nourishing the body
-Recorded a pharmacopoeia of medications based mainly on the use of herbs
-Uses therapies as an acupuncture
Began to search for medical reasons for illness
-Average life span was 20-30 years -
Rebirth of science medicine
-Body Disections led to increased understanding of anatomy and physiology
-1440: Inventing of printing press allowed medical knowledge to be shared
1543: first anatomy book was published by Andreas Vesalius
(1514-1564)
-Average life span was 30-40 years
Disease cause still a mystery -
-First to organize medical care by providing care for injured soldiers
-Later hospitals were religious and charitable institutions in monasteries and convents
-First public health and sanitation systems by building sewers and aqueducts
-Galen established belief that the body was regulated by four body humors Blood,Phlegm,Black bile and Yellow bile
-Life span was 25-35 years -
-Emphasis on saving the soul and study of medicine was prohibited
-Prayer and Divine intervention were used to treat illness and disease
-Monks and priests provide custodial care for sick people
Medications were mostly herbal mixtures
-Average Life span was 20-30 years
Disease caused still blamed on circumstance but no understandinga -
Physicians were Priests
-Health records were first recorded by the ancient Egyptians
Bloodletting or Leaches were used as medical treatment
-Average life span 20-30 years -
Hippocrates(Father of medicine)and other physicians
-First to observe the human body and affects of disease led to modern medical sciences
-Believed illness is a result of natural causes
-Used therapies such as massage art therapy and herbal treatment
-Stressed Diet,Hygiene and exercise as ways to prevent disease.
-Average life span was 25-35 years -
-Renewed interest in medical practices of Greeks and Romans
-1100:Arabs began requiring physicians pass examinations and obtain licenses
1346-1353 Bubonic plague killed 75% of population in Europe and Asia major diseases included
Smallpox, diphtheria,tuberculosis typhoid , the plague and malaria
-1220-1225 Medical universities were established
-Average life spam was 20-30 years -
-Knowledge regarding the human body greatly increased
-1500's Ambroise Pare a French surgeon known as the father of modern surgery established use of ligatures to stop bleeding
-1600's apothecaries(early pharmacist) made prescribed and sold medication
-1670: invention of the microscope
allowed physicans to see diseases -
1714:Gabriel Fahrenheit 1686-1736 created the first mercury thermometer
1760:Benjamin Franklin invented bifocals
1778:John Hunter established scientific surgical procedures and introduced tube feeding
1798:Smallpox vaccine discovered
-Average life span was 40-50 years -
-Rapid advancements due to discoveries of microorganisms anesthesia and vaccinations
1895:X Ray machine developed
1893:First open heart surgery
1816:Invention of the stethoscope
1860:Formal Training for Nurses began
Average life span was 40-60 years -
1901:ABO Blood groups discovered
found out how white blood cells protect against disease
-New medications were developed
1922:Insulin discovered and used to treat diabetes
1928:antibiotics developed to fight infections(penicillin)
-New Machines Developed
1943: Kidney Dialysis Machine
1953: Heart Lung Machine
surgical and diagnostic techniques developed to cure one fatal conditions
-1953 structure of DNA discovered and research in gene therapy begins. -
Diptheria – 1921
Tuberculosis – 1925
Pertussis – 1927
Typhus – 1937
Influenza – 1945
Oral Polio – 1962
Measles – 1963
Mumps – 1967
Rubella – 1970
Chicken Pox – 1974
Meningitis – 1978
Hepatitis B – 1981
Hepatitis A – 1992
Lyme Disease – 1998
Rotavirus - 1998 -
-1956 First Bone Marrow transplant
initiated embryonic stem cell research
-1978 Test Tube Babies
organ transplants
-1960: Kidney
-1963 Liver
-1967 Heart
-1982 Artificial heart -
-1910: Laparoscopic Surgery
Minimal Invasive Surgery
-1970’s: Targeted Cancer Therapies
Interfere with the spread of cancer by blocking cells
involved in tumor growth
Identify and kill the cancer cells
-1990: Smoke Free Laws
Decrease in 2nd Hand Smoke
-1996: Advances in HIV Medication
Turned a “death sentence disease” into a manageable
chronic disease – Normal Life Span
-1999: Rapid advances in Stem Cell Research
Re-Create lost/damaged tissue -
-2001 The first totally implantable artificial heart was placed in a patient in Louisville
-2003 Human Geome Project Completed
Mapped out human diseases in an effort to get a handle on genetic and auto immune diseases
-2005 Face Transplats
-Vaccines
2006 HPV
Prevent Cervil Cancer
2015 Malaria
2015 Ebola