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4000 BCE
4000 BC Primitive times
Illness was caused by evil spirits and people who were ill was because they were being "punished by gods". The medicine people used during this time was plants and herbs (This includes morphine). One of the ways they tried to treat illness was Trepanatation which was where they surgically removed part of the skull to let the spirits out. The average life span was 20 years. -
300 BCE
3000-300 BC Ancient Egyptians
During this time priests were physicians. Ancient Egyptians started health records. Blood letting was a common treatment which was where they would cut a person so they would basically bleed the illness out or they would put leaches on people. Average life span 20-30 years. -
200 BCE
1200 - 200 BC Ancient Greeks
Hippocrates:
*First to look at bodies and effects of disease.
*Believed illness was caused by natural causes (Not spirits)
*Used art, massage therapy and herbal treatment.
*You need good hygiene, diet, and exercise to be healthy.
Average life span was 25-35 years -
220
1700 BC - 220 AD Ancient Chinese
*It was believed you had to treat the spirit to treat the body
*A book on Pharmcopoeia
*Began a search for causes of illness for medical reasons.
*Average life span was 20-30 years -
410
753 BC - 410 AD Ancient Romans
- Romans were the first to organize medical care because of soilders.
- Hospitals were religious/ charitable institutions.
- First public care and sanitation systems by building sewers and clean water.
- Body is regulated by the four humors blood, phlem, black bile and yellow bile
- Life span was 25-35 years
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800
400 - 800 Dark Ages
- Black plague.
- people were not allowed to study medicine and priests felt like people had to save their souls and prayer was treatment.
- monks and priests were the ones who took care of sick people.
- Meds were herbal mixtures
- disease was circumstance Average life span was 20-30 years
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1400
800 - 1400
- people renewed interest of what the Greeks and Romans were practicing medically
- 1100: Arabs started requiring tests to be a physician
- 1346 - 1353: Bubonic plague where 75% of people died
- major disease outbreak of small pox, the plague and tuberculosis Average life span was 20-35
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1500
Andreas Vesalius (extra)
Andreas Vesalius took the bodies of people that were executed and dissected them, he eventually wrote a book which was the first accurate thing written about the interior of the human body. (in the picture he kind of looks like mac miller) -
Wlliam harvey (extra)
In the 17th century William Harvey dissected animals and made the revolutionary idea of blood circulation -
1350 - 1650 Renaissance
- Rebirth of science of medicine
- Body dissections to better understand functions
- 1440: The printing press was created which made it easier to share knowledge
- 1543: First anatomy book published
- Disease was still a mystery Average life span was 30-40 years
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16th and 17th Century
- Knowledge for the human body increased greatly
- 1500's Father of modern surgery first used ligature
- 1600's: Made and prescribed meds to people. 1670's: invention of microscope which made it easier to see bacteria and could see disease cause organisms
- Most people died from infection
- Cause of disease was still unknown Average life span was 35-45 years
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1700's or 18th century
1714: Gabriel Fahrenhiet created the first mercury thermometer
1760: Benjamin Franklin created bifocals
1778: John Hunter established scientific surgical procedures and introduced tube feeding
1798: Small pox vaccine was discovered.
Average life span was 40-50 years -
Ether (extra)
Sulfuric ether was used as anesthesia, the first time it was used on a guy during surgery, he woke up and said he felt nothing but a little bit of scratching when he came out of surgery. -
Queen Victoria and Chloroform (extra)
Queen Victoria used chloroform for both of her children in 1853 and 1857. This became a bit of a practice and was often in the hands of midwives. -
1800's
Rapid advancements like anesthesia/ microorganisms/ vaccines
1895: x-ray developed
1893: First open heart surgery with infection control and antibiotics
1816: invention of the stethoscope
1860: formal training for healthcare and women became active in the medical field.
Average life span was 40-60 years -
20th century
- Rapid growth in healthcare and knowledge about blood types and how they do not mix
- Found out the structure of DNA
- Lots of new medications were developed
- X-ray, Heart lung machine, kidney dialysis all developed
- surgical ways to cure once deadly conditions
- 1956: First bone marrow transplant
- 1978: Test tube babies
- Organ transplants for heart, liver, and kidney
- transplanted the first ever artificial heart in 1982
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20th century vaccines
Diptheria – 1921
Tuberculosis – 1925
Pertussis – 1927
Typhus – 1937
Influenza – 1945
Oral Polio – 1962
Measles – 1963
Mumps – 1967
Rubella – 1970
Chicken Pox – 1974
Streptococcus Pneumonia – 1977
Meningitis – 1978
Hepatitis B – 1981
Hepatitis A – 1992
Lyme Disease – 1998
Rotavirus - 1998 -
21st century
- 2001 first 100% implantable artificial heart
- The human genome project was finished
- rapid advancements in stem cell research
- Advances in HIV medication
- Targeted cancer therapies
- Minimal invasive surgery/ laparoscopic
- Smoke free laws because of deadly second hand smoke
- 2005 face transplants
- HPV, malaria, and ebola vaccines