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500
Barbers were also surgeons
They treated cataracts and practiced phlebotomy through performing surgery. They also aided the military through battle. The striped pole is a symbol of this point in time, each color representing that. -
Period: 500 to Dec 31, 1300
Middle Ages
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900
Rhazes built on ideas of Hippocrates
discovered difference between measles and smallpox and recorded his findings -
1000
Medical care became regulated
Physicians licensed after training with experienced doctors -
1300
Religion played a role on healthcare
Religious instruction principles led to Islamic hospitals being founded. Separate wards were made for each illness with specially trained nurses. -
1300
Muslim hospitals
There were scores of hospitals in the Muslim world. Muslim teachings encourage the care for others. -
Period: Jan 1, 1301 to
Renaissance
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1400
French woman denied of practicing medicine
Jacoba Felicie was tried for not having a medical license and trying to practice medicine. She tried, and failed, to defend herself by saying that women get embarrassed by going to a male physician for treatment. -
1500
Invention of printing press
The printing press made publishing books much faster so new information could spread quickly. -
Scientific Method is used
It first came into use in Europe changing the way people though about medical research. They recorded observations instead of guessing about what was happening. -
Creation of the Microscope
Robert Hooke built one of the first reflecting microscopes for better research and observation. -
Human anatomy
Within the Age of Enlightenment, studies started focusing on the anatomy of humans. In the past they were forbidden by churches but now prove many beliefs wrong. -
Period: to
Industrial Revolution
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Milkmaids immune to smallpox
Edward Jenner discovered that milkmaids exposed to cowpox would not contract smallpox. He began inoculating people with cowpox blister fluid as a vaccination. -
Louis Pasteur and microbiology
He carried out many experiments that became the bases for microbiology. He also experimented with the pasteurization of milk. -
Joseph Lister and medical asepsis
At first he was ridiculed for recommending that doctors cleaned the equipment and washed their hands before performing each operation. Later it became required to prevent infections. -
Introduction to machines
Great changes were caused by machinery, and economic changes helped progress with medicine. Diagnostic tools were made such as the microscope. -
Bubonic plague
San Francisco is hit by the Bubonic Plague -
Period: to
Modern World
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Discovery of Penicillin
Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin while experimenting with bacteria on dishes. He later received a Nobel Prize in medicine. -
Organ transplants discovered
The kidney was the first successful transplant. Later the heart, liver, and pancreas were performed. Not soon after the lung and intestinal surgeries took place -
Polio vaccine
Jonas Salk discovered this vaccine and became a "national hero" because of it. The polio virus was highly feared so by creating a preventive source, he did many people a favor. -
AZT used to treat AIDS
It was hoped to cure cancer but later found to treat people with HIV or AIDS. -
HMO insurance begins
Health maintenance organizations are groups of insurance that provide fixed prices of health care to the population. -
Period: to
21st Century
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Maggots used to care for wounds
Steve Thomas used sterile maggots to help cleanse wounds and prevent infection for battle injuries. -
FDA approves Gardasil
Gardasil is a vaccine used to prevent cervical cancer, and it was approved by the FDA as the first HPV vaccine. -
Scientists discover how to use human skin cells
Scientists converted human skin cells into embryonic stem cells to replace ones due to injury or illness. -
MIPPA provides for practitioners
The Medicare Improvements for Patients and Providers Act allowed help be provided to special assistance through Medicare. -
First artificial heart approved by FDA
AbioCor, the first artificial heart, was approved by the FDA for patients with failure in the pumping chambers. It was proven to extend life for the patients.
