History of Medicine

Middle Ages

Period: 500 to 1300

Rhazes

900

Discovered the differences between measles and small pocks

Avicenna

1010

writes "The Book of Healing and The Canon of Medicine"

Aesculapius Greek God of Healing: Caduceus is the symbol for medicine

1200

Roger Bacon

1249

invents the spectacles

Islamic Hospitals care for the sick

1300

Renaissance

Period: 1301 to 1700

Frenchwoman Jacoba Felicie

1400

tries to practice medicine but is denied

use of scientific method begins

1600

Reflective Microscopes

1665

Allow study of microorganisms like bacteria

Robert Hooke

1665

• reflective microscope

Francis Bacon

1700

uses microscope to discover plague fleas

Giacomo Pylarini

1701

gives the first smallpox inoculation

Industrial

Period: 1701 to 1899

Rene Laennec

1816

invents the stethoscope

Louis Pasteur

1857

identifies germs as cause of disease

First vaccine developed for cholera

1879

First contact lenses developed

1887

Modern World

Period: 1900 to 1999

Karl Landsteiner

1901

introduces the system to classify blood into A, B, AB, and O groups

Earle Dickson

1921

Invented the Band-Aid

Insulin first used to treat diabetes

1922

First vaccine developed for yellow fever

1935

First vaccine developed for typhus

1937

21st Century

Period: 2000 to 2018

Jean-Michel Dubernard

2005

performs the first partial face transplant

First vaccine to target a cause of cancer

2006

A "mini-liver"—the size of a small coin—is generated from human cord blood stem cells by doctors at Newcastle University, U.K.

2006

Scientists discover how to use human skin cells to create embryonic stem cells.

2007

Laurent Lantieri

2008

performs the first full face transplant