History of Medicine- Kaylie bryant

By kayliebryant
  • 4000 BCE

    Primitive Times

    Primitive Times
    -Believed you got diseases from evil spirits
    -or a punishment from the Gods
    -Treated them with ceremonies
    Medicine men (witch doctors or shamans) they were in charge of their tribe's health and gathered plant-based medications such as plants and roots, and they would cast spells and charms
    -They would surgically remove a piece from the skull
    -Average life span was 20 years
  • 3000 BCE

    Ancient Egypt's

    Ancient Egypt's
    -Physicians were priests
    -Health Records were first recorded by the ancient Egyptians
    -They would use leeches to suck out the bad blood
    -Life span was 20-30 years
    -Egyptian medicine was mainly based on herbs especially vegetables and other foods
    -Drugs were used in pills and ointment form and drops -Dressings and deodorant preparations were also used
  • 1700 BCE

    Ancient Chinese

    Ancient Chinese
    -Believed in the need to treat the whole body by curing the spirit and nourishing the body
    -Used medications based mainly on the use of herbs
    -Used therapies such as acupuncture
    -Began to search for medical reasons for illness
    -Average life span was 20-30 years
  • 1200 BCE

    Ancient Greeks

    Ancient Greeks
    Hippocrates (Father of Medicine) first to observe the human body and the effects of disease
    -led to modern medical sciences
    -Believed illness is a result of natural causes
    -Used therapies such as massage, art therapy, and herbal treatment
    -Stressed diet, hygiene and exercise as ways to prevent disease
    -Average life span was 25-35 years
    -They believed that nature rather than superstition was the best healer.
  • 753 BCE

    Ancient Romans

    Ancient Romans
    -First to organize medical care by providing care for injured soldiers
    -Later hospitals were religious and charitable institutions in monasteries and convents
    -First public health and sanitation systems by building sewers and aqueducts
    -Galen established belief that the body was regulated by four body humors:
    -blood: lust
    -black bile: depressed
    -yellow bile: anger
    -mucus: slow response
    -Highly influenced by the Greeks
    -Life span was 25-35 years
  • 400

    Dark ages 2

    Dark ages 2
    -Emphasis on saving the soul and study of medicine was prohibited
    -Prayer and divine intervention were used to treat illness & disease
    -Monks and priests provide custodial care for sick people
    -Medications were mainly herbal mixtures
    -Average life span was 20-30 years
  • 800

    Dark Ages

    Dark Ages
    -Disease Cause still blamed on circumstance, but no understanding
    -Headache and aching joints were treated with sweet-smelling herbs such as rose, lavender, sage, and hay.
    -A mixture of hen bane and hemlock was applied to aching joints.
    - Coriander was used to reduce fever.
    -Stomach pains and sickness were treated with wormwood, mint, and balm.
  • 800

    Middle Ages

    Middle Ages
    Medicine became steeped in superstition
    -diseases were based on factors such as destiny, sin, and heavenly influences
    -in this period there was no tradition of scientific medicine
    -1100: Arabs began requiring physicians pass examinations and obtain licenses
    -1346-1353: Bubonic Plague killed 75% of population in Europe and Asia Major diseases included smallpox, diphtheria,tuberculosis, typhoid, the plaque, and malaria
    -1220-1255:Universities were established
    -Average life span was 20-35 years
  • 1350

    Renaissance

    Renaissance
    -Rebirth of Science of Medicine
    -Body Dissections led to increased understanding of anatomy and physiology
    -1440: Invention of printing press allowed medical knowledge to be shared
    -1543: First anatomy book was published by Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564)
    -Average life span was 30-40 years
    -Disease cause STILL a mystery
    -A great number of accomplished physicians and surgeons who made especial contributions to human anatomy
  • 1500

    16th and 17th centuries

    16th and 17th centuries
    -Knowledge regarding the human body GREATLY increased
    1500’s: Ambroise Pare established use of ligatures to stop bleeding
    -1600’s: Apothecaries made, prescribed, and sold medications
    -1670: Invention of the microscope
    -Allowed physicians to see disease-causing organisms.
    -Average life span 35-45 years
    -Cause of disease still not known – many people died from infections
    -Some enlightenment though due to microscope
    chemical elixirs and ointments were applied or administered

  • 18th century

    18th century
    -1714: Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686-1736) created the first mercury thermometer
    -1760: Benjamin Franklin invented bifocals
    -1778: John Hunter established scientific surgical procedures and introduced tube feeding
    -1798: Smallpox vaccine discovered
    -Average life span 40-50 years
    -Purgatives, emetics, opium, cinchona bark, camphor, potassium nitrate and mercury were among the most widely used drugs.

  • 19th century

    19th century
    -Advancements due to discoveries of microorganisms, anesthesia, and vaccinations
    -1895: X-Ray Machine Developed
    -1893: First Open Heart Surgery
    -Infection control developed once microorganisms were associated with disease
    -1816: Invention of the stethoscope
    -1860: Formal training for nurses began
    -Women became active participants in health care
    -Average life span 40-60 years
    -relied on symptomatic treatment, consisting primarily of bloodletting, blistering, and high doses of mineral poisons.

  • 20th century

    20th century
    1901: ABO blood groups discovered
    -Found out how white blood cells protect against disease
    New medications were developed
    -1922: Insulin discovered and used to treat diabetes
    -1928: Antibiotics developed to fight infections (penicillin)
    New machines developed
    -1943: Kidney Dialysis Machine
    -1953: Heart Lung Machine
    -Surgical and diagnostic techniques developed to cure once fatal conditions
    1953: Structure of DNA discovered

  • Medicines in the 20th century

    Medicines in the 20th century
    -Diptheria – 1921

    Meningitis – 1978
    Hepatitis B – 1981
    Hepatitis A – 1992
    Lyme Disease – 1998
    Rotavirus - 1998
    -Tuberculosis – 1925
    -Pertussis – 1927
    -Typhus – 1937
    -Influenza – 1945
    -Oral Polio – 1962
    -Measles – 1963
    -Mumps – 1967
    -Rubella – 1970
    -Chicken Pox – 1974
    -Streptococcus
    -Pneumonia – 1977

  • 20th-21st century

    1910: Laparoscopic Surgery
    -Minimal Invasive Surgery
    1970’s: Targeted Cancer Therapies
    -Interfere with the spread of cancer by blocking cells involved in tumor growth
    -Identify and kill the cancer cells
    -1990: Smoke Free Laws
    -Decrease in 2nd Hand Smoke
    -1996: Advances in HIV Medication
    -Turned a “death sentence disease” into a manageable chronic disease – Normal Life Span
    -1999: Rapid advances in Stem Cell Research
    -Re-Create lost/damaged tissue

  • 21st century

    21st century
    2001: The first totally implantable artificial heart was placed in a patient in Louisville, Ky. In
    2003: Human Genome Project Completed
    -Mapped out human diseases in an effort to get an handle on genetic and autoimmune diseases
    -2005: Face Transplants
    -Vaccines
    -2006: HPV (Human Papillomavirus Vaccine)
    -Prevent Cervical Cancer
    -2015: Malaria
    -2015: Ebola

  • History of Medicine

  • History of medicine- Kaylie bryant