History Of Medicine

By babyguppers22
  • 4000 BCE

    Primitive times

    *illness what evil spirits or punishment from the gods
    *witch doctors treated illnesses
    *Herbs and plants used as medicine
    *Trepanation used...surgically removing a piece of bone from the skull
    *average life span was 20 years
  • 3000 BCE

    3000 BC – 300 BC Ancient Egyptians

    *Physicians were priests
    *Health Records were first recorded by the ancient Egyptians
    *Bloodletting or leeches used as medical treatment
    *Average life span was 20-30 years
  • 1350 BCE

    AD 1350 – AD 1650 Renaissance

    *Rebirth of Science of Medicine
    *Body Dissections led to increased understanding of anatomy and physiology
    *1440: Invention of printing press allowed medical knowledge to be shared
    *1543: First anatomy book was published by Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564)
    *Average life span was 30-40 years
    *Disease cause STILL a mystery
  • 800 BCE

    AD 800 – AD 1400 Middle Ages

    *Renewed interest in medical practices of Greek and Romans
    *1100: Arabs began requiring physicians pass examinations and obtain licenses
    *1346-1353: Bubonic Plague killed 75% of population in Europe and Asia
    Major diseases included
    *smallpox, diphtheria, tuberculosis, typhoid, the plaque, and malaria
    *1220-1255: Medical Universities were established
    *Average life span was 20-35 years
  • 753 BCE

    753 BC – AD 410 Ancient Romans

    *First to organize medical care by providing care for injured soldiers
    *Later hospitals were religious and charitable institutions in monasteries and convents
    *First public health and sanitation systems by building sewers and aqueducts
    *Galen established belief that the body was regulated by four body humors; blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile
    *Life span was 25-35 years
  • 400 BCE

    AD 400 – AD 800 Dark Ages

    *Emphasis on saving the soul and study of medicine was prohibited
    *Prayer and divine intervention were used to treat illness & disease
    *Monks and priests provide custodial care for sick people
    *Medications were mainly herbal mixtures
    *Average life span was 20-30 years
    *Disease Cause still blamed on circumstance, but no understanding

  • 16th and 17th Centuries

    *Knowledge regarding the human body GREATLY increased
    *1500’s: Ambroise Pare, a French surgeon, known as the Father of Modern Surgery established use of ligatures to stop bleeding
    *1600’s: Apothecaries (early pharmacists) made, prescribed, and sold medications
    *1670: Invention of the microscope
    *Allowed physicians to see disease-causing organisms.
    *HUGE advancement
    *Average life span 35-45 years
    *Cause of disease still not known – many people died from infections

  • 18th Century

    *1714: Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686-1736) created the first mercury thermometer
    *1760: Benjamin Franklin invented bifocals
    *1778: John Hunter established scientific surgical procedures and introduced tube feeding
    *1798: Smallpox vaccine discovered
    *Average life span 40-50 years

  • 19th Century

    *Rapid advancements due to discoveries of microorganisms, anesthesia, and vaccinations
    *1895: X-Ray Machine Developed
    *1893: First Open Heart Surgery
    *Infection control developed once microorganisms were associated with disease
    *1816: Invention of the stethoscope
    *1860: Formal training for nurses began
    *Women became active participants in health care
    *Average life span 40-60 years

  • 20th Century Vaccines

    *Diptheria – 1921
    *Tuberculosis – 1925
    *Pertussis – 1927
    *Typhus – 1937
    *Influenza – 1945
    *Oral Polio – 1962
    *Measles – 1963
    *Mumps – 1967
    *Rubella – 1970
    *Chicken Pox – 1974

  • 20th Century

    RAPID GROWTH
    in Health Care

  • 20th Century (continued)

    1956: First Bone Marrow Transplant
    *Initiated Embryonic Stem Cell Research
    *1978: Test tube babies
    *Organ Transplants
    *1960: Kidney
    *1963: Liver
    *1967: Heart
    *1982: Artificial Heart

  • 20th Century

    *1901: ABO blood groups discovered
    *Found out how white blood cells protect against disease
    *New medications were developed
    *1922: Insulin discovered and used to treat diabetes
    *1928: Antibiotics developed to fight infections (penicillin)
    *New machines developed
    *1943: Kidney Dialysis Machine
    *1953: Heart Lung Machine
    *Surgical and diagnostic techniques developed to cure once fatal conditions
    *1953: Structure of DNA discovered and research in gene therapy begins

  • 20th-21st Century – Top 10

    *1910: Laparoscopic Surgery
    *Minimal Invasive Surgery
    *1970’s: Targeted Cancer Therapies
    *Interfere with the spread of cancer by blocking cells involved in tumor growth
    *Identify and kill the cancer cells
    *1990: Smoke Free Laws
    *Decrease in 2nd Hand Smoke
    *1996: Advances in HIV Medication
    *Turned a “death sentence disease” into a manageable chronic disease – Normal Life Span
    *1999: Rapid advances in Stem Cell Research
    *Re-Create lost/damaged tissue