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4000 BCE
4000-3000 prime time
~they believed that illnesses came from evil spirits, demons, and punishment from God
~used herbs and did ceremonies for treatments
~used Trepanation or trephining
~ lifespan was 20 -
3000 BCE
3000 BC – 300 BC Ancient Egyptians
~Health Records were first recorded by the ancient Egyptians
~Bloodletting or leeches used as medical treatment
~lifespan was 20-30 -
1700 BCE
1700 BC – AD 220 Ancient Chinese
~Believed in the need to treat the whole body by curing the spirit and nourishing the body
~Recorded a pharmacopoeia of medications based mainly on the use of herbs
~Used therapies such as acupuncture
~lifespan 20-30 -
1200 BCE
1200 BC –200 BC Ancient Greeks
~ Hippocrates
~ first to observe the human body
~believed that illness was a natural cause
~they used therapies such as massage, art therapy, and herbal treatment and stressed diet, hygiene and exercise as ways to prevent disease
~life span 25-35 -
753 BCE
753 BC – AD 410 Ancient Romans
~~Later hospitals were religious and charitable institutions in monasteries and convents
~~Galen established belief that the body was regulated by four body humors; blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile
~first public health and sanitation system using sewers
~Life span was 25-35 years -
400
AD 400 – AD 800 Dark Ages
-Disease Cause still blamed on circumstance, but no understanding
-Monks and priests provided care for sick people
-Medications were mainly herbal mixtures
-went back to spirits and stuff
-lifespan was 20-30 -
800
AD 800 – AD 1400 Middle Ages
-started using practices from Romans and Greeks again
-Bubonic Plague, 1300s killed 75% of population in Europe and Asia
-Major diseases included smallpox, diphtheria, tuberculosis, typhoid, the plaque, and malaria
-first medical school
-lifespan 20-35 -
1350
AD 1350 – AD 1650 Renaissance
-Body Dissections led to increased understanding of anatomy and physiology
-Invention of printing press allowed medical knowledge to be shared
-First anatomy book was published by Andreas Vesalius
-Average life span was 30-40 years -
16th and 17th Centuries
-Knowledge regarding the human body GREATLY increased
-Invention of the microscope
- Ambroise Pare, a French surgeon, known as the Father of Modern Surgery established use of ligatures to stop bleeding
-Cause of disease still not known – many people died from infections
-life span 35-45 -
18th Century
-Gabriel Fahrenheit created the first thermometer
-Smallpox vaccine discovered 1798
-John Hunter made scientific surgical procedures and introduced tube feeding
-Benjamin Franklin invented bifocals
-life span 40-50 years -
19th Century
-Rapid advancements due to discoveries of microorganisms, anesthesia, and vaccinations
-First Open Heart Surgery
-Infection control developed once microorganisms were associated with disease
-Invention of the stethoscope
-Formal training for nurses began
-life span 40-60 -
20th Century
-rapid growth in Health Care
-Increased knowledge about the role of blood in the body
-The structure of DNA and research in gene therapy
-New machines developed like X-Ray, Kidney Dialysis Machine, Heart Lung Machine
-Surgical and diagnostic techniques developed to cure once fatal conditions
-First Bone Marrow Transplant
-Test tube babies
-Implanted first artificial heart -
20th Century Vaccines
Diptheria – 1921
Tuberculosis – 1925
Pertussis – 1927
Typhus – 1937
Influenza – 1945
Oral Polio – 1962
Measles – 1963
Mumps – 1967
Rubella – 1970
Chicken Pox – 1974
Streptococcus Pneumonia – 1977
Meningitis – 1978
Hepatitis B – 1981
Hepatitis A – 1992
Lyme Disease – 1998
Rotavirus - 1998 -
21st Century – Top 10
-The first totally implantable artificial heart was placed in a ---patient in Louisville, Ky. In 2001
-Human Genome Project
-Rapid advances in Stem Cell Research
-Advances in HIV Medication
-Targeted Cancer Therapies
-Laparoscopic Surgery
-Smoke Free Laws
-Face Transplants
-Vaccines