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500 BCE
Alcmeon
Greek philosopher and physiologist; first person recorded to have practiced dissection of human bodies and distinguished veins from arteries. -
Period: 500 BCE to 60 BCE
Ancient Times
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460 BCE
Hippocrates
Greek physician, who wrote many exams and treatments of patients and had a strict code to maintain patient privacy and to never deliberately harm them. The Hippocratic Oath is named after him. -
280 BCE
Herophilus
Alexandrian physician; Studied the nervous system. Often called the father of anatomy. -
60 BCE
Pedanius Dioscorides
Greek physician and pharmacologist; Wrote "De materia medica" -
130
Galen
Roman physician of Greek origin; physician to Gladiators. His writing was used to train physicians for centuries. -
Period: 400 to 1400
Middle Ages
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490
Metrodora
Female Greek physician; wrote book titled, "The Diseases and Cures of Women" -
910
Rhazes
Persian physician; Documented differences between smallpox and measles. -
1010
Avicenna
Persian philosopher and scientists; Famous works, "The Book of Healing" and "The Canon of Medicine" -
1249
Roger Bacon
English philosopher; Invented the magnifying glass. -
Period: 1400 to
Renaissance
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1489
Leonardo Da Vinci
Dissected bodies than drew what he saw. -
1543
Vesalius
Wrote, " De humani corporis fabrica libri septem (“The Seven Books on the Structure of the Human Body”) commonly known as the Fabrica. -
Zacharias Jannssen
He invents the microscope -
William Harvey
Wrote, "Exercitatio Anatomica de Motu Cordis et Sanguinis in Animalibus" (Anatomical Exercise on the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals). -
Sir Christopher Wren
Experiments with canine blood transfusions -
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
The first person to describe and draw red blood cells after studying them under a microscope -
Giacomo Pylarini
First to attempt to prevent disease through inoculation by injecting children with smallpox -
James Lind
Decides to test his idea that the putrefaction of the body caused by the disease could be prevented with acids; orange and lemons. -
Period: to
Industrial Revolution
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Edward Jenner
Introduces vaccination against smallpox -
Rene Laennec
Invents stethospcope. -
James Blundell
Performed first successful tranfucion of human blood. -
Period: to
Modern Era
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Ignaz Sammelweis
German Hungarian physician; discovers how to prevent the transmission of puerperal fever. -
Louis Pasteur
French biologist, microbiologist and chemist; Identified germs as clause of disease -
Waldemar Haffkine
First vaccine developed for cholera. -
Karl Lansteiner
Introduces the system to classify blood into A, B, AB, and O groups. -
Albert Almette and Camille Guérin
French bacteriologists; Developed first vaccine developed for tuberculosis -
HeLa Cells
Scientist created the first immortal human cell line with a tissue sample taken from Henrietta Lacks who had cervical cancer. Her cells were important in developing the polio vaccine. -
Luis E. Miramontes
Mexican chemist; Co-discovered the synthetic compound norethindrone, which formed the chemical basis of the first oral contraceptive, or birth control pill. -
Robert S. Ledley
Invented CAT-Scans. -
Luc Antoine Montagnier
HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, is identified -
Gardasil
Drug used in girls and young women ages 9 through 26 to prevent cervical/vaginal/anal cancers caused by certain types of HPV.
Also used in boys and young men ages 9 through 26 to prevent anal cancer or genital warts caused by certain types of HPV.
