-
900
Middle ages
A Persian doctor named Rhazes discovered the difference between smallpox and measles. -
1300
Middle ages
By the thirteenth century there were scores of hospitals in the Muslim world. Religious instruction gave the Koran followers social responsibilities, such as the rich caring for the poor, and the healthy caring for the sick. -
1400
The Renaissance
The invention of printing came around in the fifteenth century. This made it easier to publish books faster, and get news around easier. -
1400
The Renaissance
Scientific method came around during the sixteenth century in Europe. Major change, this made the people think about medicine, and research differently. This was based on observation, and taking careful notes. -
1400
The Renaissance
A microscope was discovered around this time. Doctors could use this tool to look more into patients and their symptoms. Robert Hooke who was born in 1653-1703 built a reflecting microscope. -
1400
The Renaissance
Studies of the human anatomy took place in the seventeenth century. Before then, the human anatomy study was forbidden by the church, but soon corrected everyone's beliefs. -
Period: 1400 to
The Renaissance
Many changes to the medical practice began from the fourteenth through the seventeenth century. -
1500
Middle ages
Barber-surgeons performed surgery on the eye; mainly cataract cataracts are the cloudy, and blurry part of the eye lens that makes it hard to see. They also helped out in the military, with injuries, and they amputated the limbs, burned the stumps to steal the blood vessels. -
1500
Middle ages
The red and white striped pole outside of barbershops today is a sign that barbers used to be surgeons back then. The red was the blood, blue was veins, and white was the bandages.. -
1500
Middle ages
Physicians and surgeons were licence, and learned differently. Physicians learned by reading books, and being alongside real professional doctors. Women were NOT allowed to practice medicine. Jacoba Felicie tired to practice medicine by saying some women are not comfortable going to men to get treated. They tired her, and she lost the court case. The judge forbidden her from practicing medicine. -
The Industrial Revolution
Doctors knew how the blood was carried, just not how it circulated. This was explained by the discovery of capillaries. -
The Industrial Revolution
Edward Jenner 1743-1823 was an English doctor figured out that milkmaids who were exposed to cowpox did not get smallpox. In the late 1700´s Dr.Edwards started given vaccines out to people who had the cowpox blisters, from previously getting vaccinated. -
The Industrial Revolution
Modern medical practice is based on the discoveries and developments of the nineteenth century. Once the connection between the structure and the function of an organism was made, further discoveries followed. -
The Industrial Revolution
Louis Pasteur (1822–1895) carried out experiments that became the basis for modern microbiology. Today we call his practice—the practice of disinfecting surgical equipment and hand washing as a way to prevent the spread of infection -
Period: to
The Industrial Revolution
This is when the introduction of machines came into play, and changed the way doctors got their results. A stethoscope was invented. White and red blood cells could be seen with a microscope now. -
Period: to
Modern times
Karl Landsteiner introduces the system to classify blood into A, B, AB, and O groups.Dr. Paul Dudley White pioneers the use of the electrocardiograph - ECG 1921 Edward Mellanby discovers that lack of vitamin D in the diet causes rickets
Earle Dickson Invented the Band-Aid
1922 Insulin first used to treat diabetes. -
Modern times
First vaccine developed for diphtheria. 1926 First vaccine developed for whooping cough. 1927 First vaccine developed for tuberculosis
First vaccine developed for tetanus.
1928 Sir Alexander Fleming discovers penicillin
1935 First vaccine developed for yellow fever
Percy Lavon Julian synthesized the medicines physostigmine for glaucoma and cortisone for rheumatoid arthritis. -
Modern times
First vaccine developed for typhus
Bernard Fantus pioneers the use the first blood bank in Chicago
1942 Doctor Karl Theodore Dussik publishes the first paper on medical ultrasonics - ultrasound
1943 Selman A. Waksman discovers the antibiotic streptomycin
1945 First vaccine developed for influenza
1950 John Hopps invented the first cardiac pacemaker -
Modern times
1952 Paul Zoll develops the first cardiac pacemaker
Jonas Salk develops the first polio vaccine
Rosalind Franklin uses X-ray diffraction to study the structure of DNA
1953 James Watson and Francis Crick work on the structure of the DNA molecule
1954 Gertrude Elion patented a leukemia-fighting drug
Dr. Joseph E. Murray performs the first kidney transplant -
Modern times
Jonas Salk develops the first polio vaccine
1963 Thomas Fogarty invented the balloon embolectomy catheter
1964 First vaccine developed for measles.
1967 First vaccine developed for mumps
Dr. Christiaan Barnard performs the first human heart transplant
1970 First vaccine developed for rubella
1974 First vaccine developed for chicken pox -
21st century
In 2000, scientists in with the International Human Genome Project released a rough draft of the human genome to the public. For the first time the world could read the complete set of human genetic information and begin to discover what our roughly 23,000 genes do. -
21st century
Mapping the human genome had become a race of time and money in the 1990s, with two competitors at the forefront: the government-funded Human Genome Project, which completed its task in 15 years with more than $3 billion in taxpayer money, and a private company, Celera Genomics, which was financed with $100 million and took less than a decade. -
21st century
In 2003 a "final" draft was released by researchers, and in 2007 more updates to the genome were published by Craig Venter, PhD, chief scientist behind Celera Genomics. "It's the precursor for lots of medical advances," said Venter, now chairman and president of the nonprofit J. Craig Venter Institute. -
21st century
The first decade of the 21st Century brought a number of discoveries, mistakes, and medical advances that have influenced medicine from the patient's bedside to the medicine cabinet. -
Period: to
21st Century
Willem J. Kolff invented the artificial kidney dialysis machine
1992 First vaccine developed for hepatitis A.
1996 Dolly the sheep becomes the first clone
2006 First vaccine to target a cause of cancer