-
First school museum opened in St. Louis.
These museums "served as the central administrative unit for visual instruction by distrubtion of portable museum exhibits, stereograhps, slides, films, study prints, charts, and other instructional materials" (Reiser, p.17) -
First catalog of instruction fils was published
-
Period: to
The Great Depression
-
Between 1920s and 1930s radio broadcasting let to increased interest in instructional media (Reiser, p. 18).
-
Period: to
World War II
The US Aremy Air Force produced more than 400 training films and 600 films within a two year period (Reiser, p19). -
"Cone of Experience"
Dale’s Cone of Experience is a model that incorporates several theories related to instructional design
and learning processes. During the 1960s, Edgar Dale theorized that learners retain more information by what they
“do” as opposed to what is “heard”, “read” or “observed”. His research led to the development of the Cone of
Experience. Today, this “learning by doing” has become known as “experiential learning” or “action learning” (Anderson, n.d). -
Growth of instructional television
Federal Communications Commission set aside 242 television channels. -
B. F. Skinner's Article
B.F. Skinner wrote the article "The Science of Learning and Art of Teaching" . Because of Skinner's article it began "What might be called a lminor revolution in field of education" (Reiser, p23). -
Benjamin Bloom
Bloom and his colleagues published "Taxonomy of Educational Objectives" (Reiser, p24). -
Sputnik was launched
"In response to launching sputnik, the US government poured millions of dollars into improving math and science education in the United States" (Reiser, p25). -
"Preparing Objectives for Programmed Instruction"
Robert Mager, educated teachers on how to write objectives. -
Robert Glaser was the first one to use the term "criterion-referenced measures"
Glaser indicated "that they could be used to assess student entry level behavior and to determine the extent to which students had aquired the behaviors an instructional program was designed to teach." (Reiser, p24). -
Robert Gagne
-
Michael Scriven coined Formative Evaluation
-
The Carnegie Commission
The Carnegie Commission on Educational Television concluded: "the role played in formal educations by instructional television has been on the whole a small one...nothing which approached the true potential of instructional television has been realized in practice...With minor exceptions, the total disappearance of instructional television would leave the the educational system fundamentally unchanced" (Reiser, p20). -
Period: to
Computers used for Instructional Purposes
"January 1983 computers were being used for instructional purposes in more than 40 percent of all elementary schools and more than 75 percent of all secondary schools in the United States" (Reiser, p. 20). In 1984 Papert indicated the computer was going to be "a catalyst of very deep and radical change in the educational system" (Reiser, p. 21). -
Online Courses
"4.6 million students were taking online courses offered by higher education institutions in the United States" (Reiser, p21).
