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Visual Materials Used in K-12 Education
Supplementary curricular materials such as portable exhibits, photographs, films, charts, etc. were popularized in schools and housed in "School Museums" -
Instructional Films Gain Popularity
Public schools begin to use instructional films to enhance instruction. -
National Organizations are created to support Visual Instruction
Three professional organizations merged to become the DVI, which focused on the value of visual instruction in education. Today, this organization is known as the Association for Communications and Technology (AECT) and is a leader in the field of instructional design and technology. -
Radio Aids Public School Instruction
Public schools attempt to utilize public radio stations as a method of instruction -
Visual Training Aids Popularized During WWII
Overhead projectors, slide projectors, and other audio equipment helped to train military personnel and civilians preparing to enter the workforce. -
Television Plays a Role in Instruction
Specific television stations are set aside as "eduational broadcasting" to support classroom instruction. -
Behavioral Objectives Emerge
Theories like Edgar's "Cone of Experience" and "Bloom's Taxonomy" emphasize the different levels of need and engagement that students will engage in with new information. -
Shift to Programmed Instruction
Educators begin to plan systematically for their instruction through the lens of behavioral objectives. -
Criterion-Referenced Testing Movement
Tests are used to assess beginning student-needs and measure overall understanding of information. -
Gagne's Learning Theory
Gagne identifies different types of learning outcomes and shows that learners need scaffolded instruction to attain new knowledge. -
Formative & Summative Evaluation
The idea of formative evaulation showed the need to examine instructional materials while they are still in the process, as opposed to the summative evaluation at the end of the learning experience. -
Systematic Approach
Became more popular in military training, industry training and education. -
Application of Cognitive Psychology
Instructional designers began to infuse the theories of cognitive psychology into their systems and methodologies. -
Personal Computers Aid Instruction
Computer-based learning emerges with the increasing popularity of personal computers. -
Emphasis on Human-Performance
Instruction shifts to focus on "authentic" learning experiences that directly connected to improved job performance. -
Internet Emerges
With wider access to the internet, the ways in which people connected and were able to learn drastically changed. The internet allowed for mass communication and spreading of new ideas. This also allowed for Computer-based knowledge management systems to be used for learning and human performance. -
Online Learning
Higher-ed, K-12 schools and businesses begin provide opportunities for learning in a virtual space. In 2002, at least 10% of students in these categories were taking at least 1 online learning course. -
Industry Training & Technology
Industry trainings begin relying on more cutting edge technology, such as satellite and satellite data, CD-ROMS, and mobile devices. -
Learning on Digital Devices
Tablets, smartphones and other mobile devices play a huge role in learning and instruction and often-times inform the platforms and types of learning experiences available. Use of handheld devices has made learning much more accessible, with a combination of formal and informal training. -
COVID-19 & Virtual Learning
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, people across the globe are turning to virtual learning as their mode of instruction. This has created a new need for digital curricula, understanding of how to use technology, and has emphasized the wide gap in equitable access to internet and technology.
