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Itard & Seguin
Systematic educative procedures for the hardest to teach children -
Itard
Itard is noted for his work with deaf-mutes, and was one of the first to attempt the education of mentally retarded children in a systematic fashion.
He is especially famous for his work with Victor, the “Wild boy of Aveyron,” a feral child. Itard developed a special program, the first attempt at special education, to try to teach him language and empathy, which he considered the key attributes that separated human beings from animals -
Gallaudet
First American residential school for students who were deaf -
Howe
First residential school for students who were blind -
Seguin
Around 1840 he established the first private school in Paris dedicated to the education of individuals with intellectual disabilities -
Normalization & Deinstitutionalization
Breaking down barriers to participation in society -
Council for Exceptional Children founded by Ferrell and other teachers
Development of special education as a profession -
Organization of parent groups
Provide support, information, and structure for obtaining resources -
Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka
Separate is not equal•Allowed for parents of students with disabilities to contend their students were not receiving adequate education•Challenged segregation in education•Proved they were denied equal education opportunities•School is basically educating all students -
Inclusion
Integration of students with disabilities into general education classrooms -
Other organizations, such as Special Olympics (Shriver)
Advocacy for caring and fair treatment of individuals with disabilities -
504
A civil rights law
Protects those who do not qualify for services under IDEA
Students mat need accommodations, but not services -
Education for All Handicapped Children Act, PL 94-142
The original Act and its amendments ensure that all children and youths with disabilities have a right to free, appropriate, public education -
Regular Education Initiative
A movement during the 1980s to try and correct the limitations of IDEA by eliminating separate special education programs and creating one system of general education in which students with disabilities were to be supported within general education classrooms. -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
IDEA was previously known as the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EHA) from 1975 to 1990. In 1990, the United States Congress reauthorized EHA and changed the title to IDEA -
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
Ensures the right to nondiscriminatory treatment in other aspects of life; a civil rights law -
No Child Left Behiind (NCLB)
Five core principles of NCLB
:•Strong accountability for results
•Expanded flexibility and local control of schools
•Emphasis on research based teaching methods
•Expanded options for parents
•Highly qualified teachers -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act
The original Act and its amendments ensure that all children and youths with disabilities have a right to free, appropriate, public education
