History of health Care

By s945642
  • 1700 BCE

    Ancient Chinese

    Ancient Chinese
    • believed they needed to cure the spirit and nourish the enitrity of the body
    • chinese herbal medicine known as acupuncture
    • 20-30 year lifespan
    • against dissection
    • recorded a pharamacopoeia of medications based mainly on the use of herbs
  • 753 BCE

    Romans

    Romans
    • first to organize medical care by providing care for injured soldiers
    • began public sanitation systems
    • early hospitals developed when physicians cared for ill people in rooms of there homes.
  • 460 BCE

    Hippocrates

    Hippocrates
    • father of medicine
    • one of the most important physicians of ancient Greece
    • him and other physicians estanblished that disease was rather caused by natural causes and not super natural spirits/demons.
    • founded a medical school Cos, Greece, to teach his ideas about medicine
  • 377 BCE

    The hippocratic oath

    The hippocratic oath
    • The oath began as a swearing to the healing gods to practice medicine following a strict code of ethics.
    - the oath has been modernized and no longer involves swearing to the gods
  • 300 BCE

    Egyptions

    Egyptions
    • earilest known people to maintain health records
    • limited education sinse they could not read
    • most of there records were inscribed
    • called on Gods for help
    • Imhotep: may have been the first physician
  • 800

    The middle ages

    The middle ages
    • study in medicine increased
    • major diseases were smallpox, tuberculosis, typhoid and the plague
    • arabs began requiring that physicians pass examinations and obtain licenses
  • 800

    Dark ages

    Dark ages
    • after rome fell, study of medicine also stopped
    • many died as thhey lived in unsanitary conditions with little to no personal hygiene
    • smallpox, dysentery and plague grew in numbers killing and affecting many
    - monks and preiet prayed more as the diseases grew
  • 1347

    outbreak of bunbonic plague

    outbreak of bunbonic plague
    • 1300s
    • wiped out 75 % of the Europe population
  • 1350

    The Renaissance

    The Renaissance
    • known as the rebirth of the science of medicine
    • human dissection to view the body organs
    • average lifespan was 30-40 years
    • first chairs of medicine created at Oxford and cambridge universities in England in 1440
    • development of printing press
  • 1510

    16th and 17th century

    16th and 17th century
    • causes of disease unknown
    • many died due to infections and puerperal fever
    • established the use of ligatures, boiling oil to cauterize improved treatment of fractures
    • promotes artifical limbs
    • william harvey- described the circulation of blood to and from the heart
    • Anton van Leeuwenhoek- built a microscope

  • maggot therapy

    maggot therapy
    • first documented use of maggots were in Napoleons armies where surgeons noticed wouded soldiers with blowfly infestations survied better than those without.

  • 18th century

    18th century
    • Gabreil Fahrenheit created the first mercury thermometer
    • Joseph Priestley descovered the element oxygen
    • John hunter an english surgeon - established scientific surgical procedures, and introduced tube feeding
    • Benjamin franklin- invented bifocals for glasses

  • 19th century

    19th century
    • royal college of surgeons founded in London in 1800
    • french barbers acted as surgeons by extracting teeth, using leeches for treatment and giving enemas
    • first federal vaccination legislation was enacted

  • Clara Barton

    Clara Barton
    • served as vulonteer to provide aid to wounded soldiers during the civil war
    • a dozen nations signed the treaty but the US refused
    - she campaigned for the Treaty of Geneva until it was ratified in the US

  • Louis Pasteur

    Louis Pasteur
    • french chemist and biologist -father of microbiological sciences and immunology
    • developed germ theory
    • descovered the process of pasteurization, vaccination and fermentation
    • His principles for sanitation helped control the spread of disease and provided ideas about how to prevent disease.

  • Florence Nightingale

    Florence Nightingale
    • founder of modern nursing
    • led nurses to serve in the crimen war
    • fought for reform of hospitals
    • her efforts decreased patient death rate by 2/3
    • encouraged cleaniness
    • nightingale training school for nurses

  • american red cross

    american red cross
    • at age 63 Clara Barton founded it and led it for an additional 23 years
    • provided disater relief during peacetime and war.

  • 20th century

    20th century
    • most rapid growth in advancements of health care
    • walter reed demonstrated that mosquitoes carry yellow fever
    • female army nurse corps was established as a permanent organization
    • president franklin roosevelt established the March of dimes to fight poliomyelitis
    • the first kidney dislysis machine was developed
    • the first heart-lung machine was used for open heart surgery

  • Francis Crick and James Watson

    Francis Crick and James Watson
    • shared the nobel prize with Maurice Wilkins for discovering the structure of deoxyribonucleeic acid (DNA)
    • Crick was a biophysicist and chemist while Watson was a zooligist
    • built three-dimentional model of the molecules of DNA to assist them in discovering its structure
    • there model of the DNA double helix provided motivation for research in molecular genetics and biochemistry

  • 21st century

    21st century
    • adult stem cells were used in treatment of disease
    • Gardasil, a vaccine to prevent cervical cancer was approved
    • scarless surgery using the body's own openings
    • gene screen for cancer developed
    • the first artifical ovary was created
    • propsed a new method to generate embryonic stem cells to produce cancer killing cells