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Morphine and digitalis
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supernatural spirits and demons
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20 years
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They would call to the gods to heal them
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Physicians were priests and the first physician was Imhotep
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20 to 30 years
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Religious prohibitions against dissection resulted in inadequate knowledge of body structure
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Believed in the need to treat the whole body by curing the spirit and nourishing the body
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20 to 35 years
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Father of Medicine
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Dissected animals and is called the founder of comparative anatomy
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25 to 35 years
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Created aqueducts to carry clean water to the cities. Built sewers to carry waste materials away from the cities. Using filtering systems in public baths to prevent disease. Drained marshes to reduce the incidence of malaria.
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Early hospitals developed when physicians cared for ill people in rooms in their homes. Later hospitals were religious and charitable institutions housed in monasteries and convents
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25 to 35 years
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Emphasis was placed on saving the soul, and the study of medicine was prohibited
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Prayer and divine intervention were used to treat illness and disease
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20 to 30 years
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Physicians began to obtain knowledge at medical universities in the 9th century
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A pandemic of the bubonic plague killed 3/4 of the population of Europe and Asia
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An Arab physician became know as the Arab Hippocrates
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20 to 35 years
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Of the science of medicine
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Dissection of the body began to allow a better understanding of anatomy and physiology
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Artist Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci used dissection in order to draw the human body more realistically
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30 to 40 years
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Still not know and many died from infections and puerperal fever
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Ambrose Pare a French surgeon
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Identified the Fallopian tubes in female. Described the tympanic membrane in the ear.
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35 to 45 years
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Described the circulation of blood to and from the heart in 1628
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Invented the microscope in 1666
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Made, prescribed, and sold medications
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35 to 45 years
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Created the first mercury thermometer in 1714
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Prescribed lime juice contains vitamin C to prevent scurvy in 1795
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Developed a vaccination for smallpox in 1796
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40 to 50 years
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First successful blood transfusion was performed on humans in 1818 by James Blundell
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Became the first female physician in the United States in 1849
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Was the founder of modern nursing
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Clara Barton founded the American Red Cross in 1881
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Discovered roentgenograms in 1895
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40 to 60 years
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Discovered penicillin in 1928
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The first heart-lung machine was used for open-heart surgery in 1953
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The first liver transport was preformed by Thomas Starzl in 1963. The first lung transplant was performed by James Hardy in 1964. The first successful heart transplant was performed by Christian Barnard in 1968
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Computerized axial tomography scan was developed in 1975
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The first test tube baby, Louise Brown, was born in England in 1978
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60 to 70 years
