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Period: 4000 BCE to 3000 BCE
Early Beginnings
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3900 BCE
Disease caused by?
Super natural spirits -
3600 BCE
Treatment for sick?
Exorcisms -
3100 BCE
Medicines used today for
Digitalis- for the heart
Quinnine- for fevers
Belladonna and atropine- GI pain
Morphine- for pain -
Period: 2999 BCE to 399
Ancient Times
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2900 BCE
Ancient Egyptians
Health records- were superstitious and called upon god to heal them
Who are physicians- the priests
How did they heal- medicines for disease, splits for fractures, leaches for disorders -
1900 BCE
Ancient Chinese
Development of acupuncture- treated illness/disease with stone tools -
900 BCE
Ancient Greeks
Illness cause Nature vs. Spiritual- They were the first to study if diseases were natural or spiritual. They kept notes and and noted what they thought the cause was.
Dissection- their religious custom didn’t allow body’s to be dissected.
Hippocrates- wrote the standard of ethics called the Oath of Hippocrates. -
100
Ancient Roman’s
Sanitation systems- they wore death mask
Organize medical care- sent medical equipment and physicians with their armies for wounded soldiers
Hospital development- room was made for I’ll people -
Period: 400 to 800
Dark age
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500
Stopped the study of medicine why?
The church believed life and death was in gods hands. -
700
How do they treat disease?
Primarily prayer -
Period: 800 to 1400
Middle Age
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1100
Epidemics
The epidemics cause millions of deaths during this period. There are vaccines and medicines to treat this disease today. -
Period: 1350 to
Renaissance
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1450
Rebirth?
Universities- medical schools for research
Dissection- acceptance of dissection of the human body
Books- allowed greater access to knowledge from research. -
1515
Leonardo da Vinci
Da Vinci studied the anatomy of he body -
1550
Gabriele Fallopius
Discovered the fallopian tubes. -
1563
Bartolommeo Eustachio
Discovered the tube leading from the ear to the throat. -
Antoine van Leeuwenhoek
He invented the microscope. -
Apothecaries
Early pharmacies. -
Benjamin Franklin
Discovered bifocals, and he found out that colds can be contagious. -
Medical students learning
Students would attend lectures in class but they also a
observed patients in their bed. When a patient would die they would dissect their body to observe the disease process. -
Joseph Priestly
Discovered the element oxygen, and plants making oxygen usable for respiration. -
Edward Jenner
Discovered the method of vaccination for small pox. He saved many lives. -
Rene Laennec
She invented the first stethoscope. It was made of wood. -
Ignaz Semmelweis
He identified the cause of childbed fever. He proved people needed to be more clean, and it was finally accepted. -
Florence Nightingale
She helped out during war by making sure their injuries were not infected. She then designed a hospital ward that improved the environment and care for the patients. -
Louis Pasteur
Louis found out about microbiology, he also found out that microorganisms were everywhere and he proved that they can cause diseases. He also discovered pasteurization kills bacteria in milk. -
Dmitri Ivanovski
He discovered that some diseases are caused by microorganisms we can’t see with a microscope. -
Joseph Lister
He was the first doctor to use antiseptics during surgery. This helped prevent infection. -
Ernst von Bergmann
He developed asepsis. -
Robert Koch
He discovered the culture plate method, this was also used to identify pathogens and also isolated the bacterium that causes tuberculosis. -
Paul Ehrlich
He found a chemical to treat syphilis, and discovered the effect of medicine on disease causing organisms. -
Wilhelm Roentgen
Discovered x-ray. -
Anesthesia
The advancements of helping with pain while people get surgery has developed a lot. Now they use a gas to keep people asleep and avoid them feeling the pain. -
Sir Alexander Fleming
He found out that Penicillin kills life threatening bacteria. -
Sigmund Freud
He discovered the conscious and unconscious parts of the mind. His studies lead to the understanding of psychosomatic illness. -
Gerhard Domagk
He discovered sulfonamide compounds. -
Jonas Salk
Discovered that a dead polio virus would cause immunity to poliomyelitis. -
Albert Sabin
He used a live polio virus vaccine which is more effective -
Francis Crock and James Watson
Discovered the molecular structure of DNA. -
Christian Barnard
Preformed the first successful head transplant. -
Ben Carson
He preformed surgery to prevent seizures on twins. -
Laparoscopic Surgery (the Da Vinci)
The Da Vinci came out to do laparoscopic surgery it’s a machine. -
Period: to
Advancements in medicine
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Human genome project
The human genome project allows scientists to identify genes involved in common and rare diseases. -
A new combination drug for HIV
This prevents/puts off death for people who have HIV. -
Covid 19 Vaccine
The Covid-19 vaccine came out during the pandemic and progressively got more affective. -
Human Liver Saved by Lab Grown Cells
With the shortage of liver donors in the U.S. researchers found an alternative to transplants.