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Evil spirits -
Blood letting
Exorcism
Prayer and Devine intervention -
Digitalis- used for heart conditions
Quinine- controls fever, relives muscle pain, and helps prevent malaria
Belladonna and atropine- relives muscle pain
Morphine-treats severe pain -
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Health records- ancient Egyptians had the earliest accurate records
Who are physicians- workers and artist who had noble and sacred missions to save people
How did they heal- splinting fractures, bloodletting with leaches medication -
Development of acupuncture- practiced since the Stone Age, and ancient art of using tools to heal -
Illness cause, nature vs spiritual- first studies show nature at fault
Dissection- religious beliefs don’t allow bodies to be dissected
Hippocrates- he created notes about the physical appearance of human anatomy and wrote ethics on medical use -
Sanitation systems- first to have clean bathing water, and separate water for drinking
Organize medical care- sent equipment and doctors to army bases.
Hospital development- public buildings, doctors paid by government -
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Roman Empire was conquered by the Huns, not allowing studies -
With prayers and herbal mixtures. -
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Universities- new schools and hospitals
Dissection- was accepting of dissecting bodies
Books- the development of printing press and publishing books -
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Studies and recorded the anatomy of the body -
Discovered ran fallotubed tubes of the female anatomy -
Discovered the tube from the ear to float -
Understood physiology, and was able to describe blood circulation and the pumping of the art. -
Invented the microscope, and discovered life smaller than the eye can see. -
First kind of pharmacies, and traded drugs for spices from the East -
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Discovered bifocals and found out colds could transfer people -
-Attended medical studies
-watch patients at bedside
-dissect dead bodies -
Discovered oxygen and how to make breathable -
Created the smallpox vaccination, and that led to other immunizations. -
Invented the stethoscope, used for hearing the heart and lungs, and to detect diseases. -
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Created classes for female medical education, helped bring more women into hospitals -
Found what caused childbirth fever, physicians didn’t wash hands after handling corpses. -
-“father of microbiology”
Discovered tiny microorganisms are everywhere
-They cause disease
-Pasteurization kills bacteria in milk, still used today -
-Discovered that microorganisms could be deadly
Weren’t recognizable until electron microscope was invented, not by him -
-Realized microorganisms can cause infections
-carbolic acid on wounds
-first doctor to create antiseptic
-used it during surgery to prevent infections -
-developed sterile conditions (asepsis)
-germ cause infections
-beginning of asepsis -
-discovered disease causing organisms
-culture plate method
-identify pathogens
-isolated the bacterium in tuberculosis
-cleanliness in surgical sites -
- the effect of medicines on microorganisms -treatment was affective on some organisms -Brought the use of chemicals to treat diseases -found treatment for syphilis
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-Discovered x-rays
-first picture of his wife’s hand
-allowed doctors to see what was wrong with their patients -
-used to preform without it
-early doctors used herbs and alcohol
-used to choke patients to unconsciousness
-many died from shock
-Nitro oxide, ether, chloyform -
-found that penicillin killed life threatening bacteria 🧫
- it can treat now, pneumonia, gonorrhea, and blood poisoning -
-discovered the unconscious and conscious parts of the brain
- mind and body work together
-studies led to psychology and psychiatry -
-discovered sulfonamide compounds
- started newer medicine by killing diseases -
-Discovered old polio virus, that would cause immunity to poliomyelitis
-paralyzed kids and adults -
-used live polio virus vaccine
-used on babies to treat the dreaded disease before it happens -
-performed first successful near transplant -
-pioneered the surgery to separate conjoined twins
-preforms hemispheectomies surgeries to stop seizures -
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- provides first heart evidence of infected people
- can be treated successfully by developing out patient treatment
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- discovered cancer cells do self suicide and apoptosis -cancer cells can die of starvation -pointed to tumor killing strategies
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- gdf11 can reverse cardiac hypertrophy -can thicken heart muscle
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-loss of immune defenses with aging
-Medobolic pathway
-weakened immune system -
-discovered vaccine to defend Covid
-helped cure
-less deaths