-
Period: 4000 BCE to
Early beginnings
-
3900 BCE
Disease caused by
Evil spirits -
3600 BCE
Treatments for the sick
Blood letting
Exorcism
Prayer and devine intervention -
3100 BCE
Medicines used today
Digitalis: Heart medication
Quinine:controls fever, relieves muscle spasms, prevent malaria
Belladonna and atropine: relieves muscle spasms
Morphine: pain killer -
Period: 2999 BCE to 399
Ancient Times
-
2900 BCE
Ancient Egyptians
Egyptians were the first to track health records
Physicians = Priests
Healed by using medicines and bloodletting -
1900 BCE
Ancient Chinese
Development of acupuncture. Used stone tools. -
900 BCE
Ancient Greeks
Illness cause Nature vs. Spiritual: exorcise Evil spirits. Superstitious about and wants gods to heal them.
Dissection: religious customs didn't allow for human dissections.
Hippocrates: father of medicine. Oath of Hippocrates. -
100
Ancient Romans
Sanitation Systems: Aqueducts were invented
Roman’s were the first to organize medical care
Hospital development: public buildings were used. Physicians wore a death mask filled with spies. -
Period: 400 to 800
Dark Age
-
500
stopped the study of medicine
Life and death was determined by God -
700
How do they treat disease
Prayers and herbs -
Period: 800 to 1400
Middle Age
-
1100
Epidemics
Millions of deaths. Uncontrollable diseases -
Period: 1350 to
Renaissance
-
1450
Rebirth
Universities and med schools for research
Dissection can be used for study
Books can be published -
Period: 1501 to
16th and 17th Centuries
-
1515
Leonardo da Vinci
Studied and recorded anatomy of the body -
1550
Gabriele Fallopius
Discovered Fallopian tubes -
1563
Bartolommeo Eustachio
Discovered the tube that leads from ear to throat. (Eustachian tube) -
William Harvey
Physiology and could describe circulation of blood and a pumping heart -
Antonie von Leeuwenhoek
Invented the microscope -
Apothecaries
prepared and sold medicines -
Period: to
18th Century
-
Benjamin Franklin
Discovered Bifocals and that colds can be passed around -
Medical students learning
Attended lectures in classrooms and observed patients at bedside -
Joseph Priestley
Discovered the element oxygen and how it links to respiration. -
Edward Jenner
Vaccination for smallpox -
Rene Laennec
Invented stethoscope -
Period: to
19th and 20th Centuries
-
Ignaz Semmelweis
Identified that physicians didn't wash their hands leading to puerperal fever. Meaning woman would die from infection after giving birth. -
Florence Nightingale
Supported woman working as nurses, designed a hospital, and helped aid in war. -
Louis Pasteur
Father of Microbiology. Microorganismos = everywhere. Found heating food kills bacteria. Created vaccine for rabies. -
Dmitri Ivanovski
discovered viruses -
Joseph Lister
First doctor to use an antiseptic (prevent infection) -
Ernst von Bergmann
Developed asepsis. Meaning areas free of germs -
Robert Koch
Discovered disease causing organisms. Supported cleanliness and sanitation. -
Paul Ehrlich
Made treatments to kill only the bad bacteria -
Wilhelm Roentgen
Discovered x-rays -
Anesthesia
Before the nineteenth century, physicians used herbs, hashish, and alcohol to lessen the pain -
Sir Alexander Fleming
Found that penicillin killed very harmful bacteria -
Sigmund Freud
Conscious vs unconscious part of the mind -
Gerhard Domagk
Discovered sulfonamide compounds. Meaning medicines to kill bacteria effectively. -
Jonas Salk
Dead polio virus = immunity to poliomyelitis -
Albert Sabin
Used a live polio virus vaccine to immunize babies -
Francis Crick and James Watson
Double helix model -
Christian Barnard
Preformed the first successful heart transplant -
Ben Carson
Separates Siamese twins and preforms hemispheres -
Period: to
21st Century
-
HIV treatments
Better control of virus and effective single dose therapy -
MRI and fMRI
Allows doctors to see what the brain looks like and what it does -
Laparoscopic Surgery
Smaller incisions and less pain -
Cancer treatment
chemotherapy and radiation therapy but also targeted therapy drugs -
Bionic Prosthetics
Ability to replace a body part with a functional device