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Period: 4000 BCE to 3000 BCE
Early beginnings
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3900 BCE
Disease Caused by
Evil spirits -
3600 BCE
Treatments for the sick
Blood letting
Exorcism
Prayer -
3100 BCE
Medicines used today
- Digitails - treat heart conditions
- Quinine - controls fever, relieves muscle spams, helps prevent malaria
- Belladonna and atropine - relieve muscle spasm
- Morphine - pain medication
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Period: 2999 BCE to 399
Ancient Times
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2900 BCE
Ancient Egyptians
- Health Records - Egyptians were first to keep accurate records
- who are physicians - priests
- how did they heal - medicines, called upon gods
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1900 BCE
Ancient Chinese
- Development of acupuncture - treat a variety of illness and disease with stone tools
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900 BCE
Ancient Greeks
Illness cause Nature vs. Spiritual - kept records on what they observed on the illness cause, this helped eliminate superstition in the future
Dissection - religious custom did not allow bodies to be dissected
Hippocrates - wrote the standard of ethics called the oath of Hippocrates -
100
Ancient Roman’s
- Sanitation Systems - learned and developed a sanitation system from the Greeks
- Organize medical care - first people to organize medical care
- Hospital development - Roman’s had a house for the ill which then began hospitals
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Period: 400 to 700
Dark age
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500
Stopped the study of medicine
They stopped because the church believed that life and death were in God’s hands; and hand no interest in how the body functioned. -
700
How do they treat disease
Prayers -
Period: 800 to 1400
Middle Age
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1100
Epidemics
Caused millions of deaths during this time -
Period: 1350 to
Renaissance
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1450
Rebirth
- Universities - schools for research
- Dissection - acceptance of dissection on the body for study
- Books - allowing greater access to knowledge from research
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Period: 1501 to
16th and 17th Centuries
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1515
Leonardo de Vinci
Studied and recorded the anatomy of the body -
1550
Gabrielle Fallopius
Discovered Fallopian tubes of female anatomy -
1563
Bartolommeo Eustachio
Discovered tube leading from ear to throat (Eustachian tube) -
William Harvey
Was able to describe circulation of the blood and pumping of the heart -
Antonie von Leeuwenhoek
Invented the microscope -
Apothecaries
Another word for early pharmacies started in this time -
Period: to
18th century
-
Benjamin Franklin
Discoveries (bifocals, cold passes from one to another) -
Medical students learning
Attended lectures in classroom and lab but also bedside along patients -
Joseph Priestley
Discovered the element oxygen
Plants refresh air making it usable for respiration -
Edward Jenner
Discovered method of vaccination for smallpox -
Rene Laennec
Invented the stethoscope -
Period: to
19th and 20th Centuries
-
Ignaz Semmelweis
Identified the cause of child fever -
Florence Nightingale
Founder of modern nursing -
Louis Pasteur
“Father of microbiology”
Discovered that tiny microorganisms were everywhere -
Dmitri Ivanovski
Discovered viruses -
Joseph Lister
Used carbolic acid on wounds to kill germs -
Ernst von Bergmann
Developed asepsis -
Robert Koch
Developed the culture plate method to identify pathogens -
Paul Ehrlich
On his 606th experiment he found a cure for syphilis -
Wilhelm Roentgen
Discovered x-rays -
Anesthesia
No anesthesia
Used herbs, hashish, and alcohol to relive pain -
Sir Alexander Fleming
Discovery of penicillin -
Sigmund Freud
Discovered the conscious and unconscious parts of the mind -
Gerhard Domagk
Discovered sulfonamide -
Jonas Salk
Discovered A dead polio virus would cause immunity to poliomyelitis -
Albert Sabin
Used a live polio virus vaccine -
Francis Crick and James Watson
Discovered the molecular structure of DNA -
Christian Barnard
Performed the first successful heart transplant -
Ben Carson
Separating Siamese twins
Surgeries on the brain to stop seizures