-
Period: 4000 BCE to 3000 BCE
Primitive Time
-
3900 BCE
Important Medicines still used today
Important medicines such as morphine and digitalis(for the heart), are medicines still used today. -
3800 BCE
Believed disease was caused by
Believed disease was caused by supernatural spirits and demons. -
3700 BCE
Average life span
The average life span was 20 years old. -
Period: 3000 BCE to 300 BCE
Ancient Egyptians
-
2900 BCE
How do they heal?
They called on the gods to heal them. -
2800 BCE
Who are physicians? Who was the first?
Physicians were priests that had studied medicine and surgery in temple medical schools. Imhotep in 2275 BC may have been the first physician. -
2700 BCE
Average life span
The average life span was 20 to 30 years old. -
Period: 1700 BCE to 200
Ancient Chinese
-
1600 BCE
Dissection (Beliefs and Result)
They had religious prohibitions against dissection and that resulted in lack of knowledge of the body structure. -
1500 BCE
Importance of the WHOLE body
They believed that they needed to treat the whole body by curing the spirit and nourishing the body. -
1400 BCE
Average life span
The average life span was 20 to 30 years old. -
Period: 1200 BCE to 200 BCE
Ancient Greeks
-
Period: 1200 BCE to 200 BCE
Ancient Romans
-
460 BCE
Hippocrates
Hippocrates was from 460-377BC and is called the Father of Medicine. Hippocrates developed a method to observe the human body. He recorder signs and symptoms of many diseases and created the Oath of Hippocrates, that is used by physicians today. -
384 BCE
Aristotle
Aristotle was from 384-322 BC. He dissected animals and is called the founder of comparative anatomy. -
370 BCE
Average life span
The average life span is 25 to 35 years old. -
200 BCE
Sanitation System
They created aqueducts to carry water to the cities. Also, they built sewers to carry waste materials away from cities. Using a filtering system in public bathrooms to prevent disease, and drained marshes or reduce the incidence of malaria. -
100 BCE
Hospitals
Hospitals developed when physicians cared for ill people in rooms in their homes. -
300
Average life span
The average life span was 25 to 35 years old. -
400
Prohibited study of medicine, why?
It was prohibited to emphasis what was placed on saving the soul. -
Period: 400 to 800
Dark Age
-
500
How do they treat disease?
They treat disease through prayer and divine intervention. -
600
Average life span?
The average life span was 20 to 30 years old. -
Period: 800 to 1400
Middle Age
-
850
Medical Universities
Physicians began to take in knowledge at medical universities in the 9th century. -
900
Pandemic
A pandemic of the bubonic plague, killed 3/4 of the population of Europe and Asia. -
910
Rhazes
Rhazes was an Arab physician and became known as the Arab Hippocrates. Rhazes based diagnoses on observations of the signs and symptoms of the disease. He developed criteria for distinguishing between smallpox and measles in AD 910. He suggested that blood was the cause of many infectious diseases, and began the use of animal gut for suture material. -
1000
Average life span
The average life span was 20 to 35 years old. -
Period: 1350 to
Renaissance
-
1401
Rebirth
The rebirth was of the science of medicine. -
1425
Dissection
The dissection of the body began to allow a better understanding of anatomy and physiology. -
1450
Artists
Michelangelo(1475-1564) and Leonardo da Vinci(1452-1519) used dissection in order to draw the human body more realistically. -
1475
Average life span
The average life span was 30 to 40 years old. -
1501
Cause of disease
The causes of disease were still not known and many people died from infections and childbirth fever. -
Period: 1501 to
16th Century
-
1510
Father of Modern Surgery
Ambroise Pare(1510-1590), a French surgeon, was known as the Father of Modern Surgery. He established the use of ligatures to bind arteries and stop bleeding. Pare also eliminated the use of boiling oil to cauterize wounds and improved treatment of fractures. He also promoted the use of artificial limbs. -
1523
Gabriel Fallopius
Gabriel Fallopius (1523-1562), identified the Fallopian tubes in the female and described the tympanic membrane in the ear. -
Average life span
The average life span was 35 to 45 years old. -
Period: to
17th Century
-
William Harvey
William Harvey (1578-1657) described the circulation of blood to and from the heart in 1628. -
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) invented the microscope in 1666. -
Apothecaries
Apothecaries (early pharmacists) made, prescribed, and sold medications. -
Average life span
The average life span was 35 to 45 years old. -
Period: to
18th Century
-
Gabriel Fahrenheit
Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686-1736) created the first mercury thermometer in 1714. -
James Lind
He prescribed lime juice containing vitamin C to prevent scurvy in 1795. -
Edward Jenner
Edward Jenner (1749-1823) developed a vaccination for smallpox in 1796. -
Average life span
The average life span was 40 to 50 years old. -
Period: to
19th Century
-
Blood Transfusion
The first successful blood transfusion was performed on humans in 1818 by James Blundell. -
Elizabeth Blackwell
Elizabeth Blackwell (1821-1910) became the first female physician in the United States in 1849. -
Florence Nightingale
Florence Nightingale (1820-1910) was the founder of modern nursing. She established efficient and sanitary nursing units during the Crimean War in 1854. She also opened the Nightingale School and Home for Nurses at St. Thomas’ Hospital in London in 1860. She began the professional education of nurses. -
American Red Cross
The International Red Cross was founded in 1863. -
Wilhelm Roentgen
Wilhelm Roentgen (1845-1923) discovered roentgenograms (X-rays) in 1895. -
Average life span
The average life span was 40 to 60 years old. -
Period: to
20th Century
-
Sir Alexander Fleming
Sir Alexander Fleming (1881-1955) discovered penicillin in 1928. -
Open Heart Surgery
The first heart-lung machine was used for open-heart surgery in 1953. -
Transplants
The first successful kidney transplant in humans was performed by Joseph Murray in 1954. The first liver transplant was performed by Thomas Starzl in 1963. The first lung transplant was performed by James Hardy in 1964. Lastly, the first successful heart transplant was performed by CHristian Barnard in 1968. -
CAT scan
Computerized axial tomography (CAT) scan was developed in 1975. -
Test tube baby
The first “test tube” baby, Louise Brown, was born in England in 1978. -
Average life span
The average life span was 60 to 70 years old.
