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Period: 4000 BCE to 3000 BCE
Early Beginnings
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3900 BCE
Disease cause by
Evil spirits -
3600 BCE
Treatments for the sick
Blood letting
Exorcism
Divine interventions -
3100 BCE
Medicines used Today
Digitalis- Treats heart conditions(made from foxglove plant)
Quinine- Controls fever, relieves muscle spasm(made from bark of Cinchona tree)
Belladonna- Relieves muscle spasm(made from poison)
Morphine- Treats severe pain(made from opium poppy) -
Period: 2999 BCE to 399
Ancient Times
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2900 BCE
Ancient Egyptians
Health records- They were the earliest people to keep accurate health records.
Who are physicians- Priests who used medicine to heal disease.
How did they heal? Splinting fractures, and treated disorders by blood letting with leeches. -
1900 BCE
Ancient Chinese
Development of acupuncture- used stone tools, developed into Chinese acupuncture still in use today -
900 BCE
Ancient Greeks
Illness cause nature vs. spiritual- first to study illness can be causes by nature rather than spiritual.
Dissections- -
100
Ancient Romans
Sanitation Systems- Brought clean water from water ways and made sewers for the dirty water.
Organize Medical Care- Sent medical care and physicians to wounded soldiers. First the have organized medical care.
Hospital Development- Physicians kept rooms in their houses for the ill. -
Period: 400 to 800
Dark Age
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500
Stopped the study of medicine, why?
They believed life and death was in gods hands. -
700
How do they treat disease?
The main treatment was prayer or herbal mixes. -
Period: 800 to 1400
Middle Age
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1100
Epidemics
Bubonic plague killed 60 million people, and there was controlled disease like smallpox, diphtheria, syphilis and tuberculosis. -
Period: 1350 to
Renaissance
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1450
Rebirth?
Universities- Medical schools for research.
Dissection- Study of the body.
Books- access to knowledge from research. -
Period: 1501 to
16th and 17th Centuries
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1515
Leonardo Da Vinci
Studied the anatomy of the body. -
1550
Gabrielle Fallopius
Discovered the Fallopian tubes -
1563
Bartolommeo Eustachio
Discovered the tube leading from the ear to the throat -
William Harvey
Was able to describe the circulation of blood and the pumping to the heart -
Antoine Von Leeuwenhoek
Invented the microscope, and established life is smaller than the eye can see -
Apothecaries
Early pharmacies. -
Period: to
18th Century
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Benjamin Franklin
Discovered bifocals, found colds can be passed from person to person. -
Medical students learning
Lectures and laboratories, also observed patients at the bedside. When a patient died they dissected the body and were able to observe the disease process. -
Joseph Priestly
Discovered the element oxygen, also observed that plants refresh air that lost oxygen, making it useable for respiration. -
Edward Jenner
Discovered a method of vaccination for smallpox. -
Rene Laennec
Invented the stethoscope. -
Period: to
19th and 20th Centuries
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Ignaz Semmelweis
Identified the cause of childbed fever. Noted patients of midwives has less deaths. Started hand washing and cleanliness for procedures. -
Florence Nightingale
Founder of modern nursing. -
Louis Pasteur
Discovered that tiny microorganisms were everywhere. Proved microorganism cause disease. -
Dmitri Ivanovski
Discovered some disease or cause by microorganisms that cannot be seen with a microscope called viruses. -
Joseph Lister
He used carbolic acid on wound to kill the germs. First doctor to use antiseptic during surgery. -
Ernst Von Bergman
Developed asepsis(Sterile Condition free from germs.) Developed a way to keep an area free of germs during surgery. -
Robert Koch
Discovered many disease causing organisms. He developed a way to identify pathogens and also isolate the bacterium that cause TB(tuberculosis). -
Paul Ehrlich
Discovered the effect of medicine on microorganisms. His discovery was successful in killing microorganisms but not other bacteria. -
Wilhelm Roentgen
Discovered X-rays in 1895. -
Anesthesia
Loss of feeling or sensation. -
Sir Alexander Fleming
Found that penicillin killed life-threatening bacteria. -
Sigmund Freud
Discovered the conscious and unconscious part of the mind. -
Gerhard Domagk
Discovered sulfonamide compounds. These were the first medications effective in killing bacteria. -
Jonas Salk
Discovered that a dead polio virus would cause immunity to poliomyelitides. -
Albert Sabin
Used a live polio virus vaccine which is more effective. -
Francis Crick and James Watson
Discovered the molecule structure of DNA. -
Christian Barnard
Preformed the first successful heart transplant in 1968. -
Ben Carson
Pioneer to separating Siamese twins, and preforming hemispherectomies (surgeries on the brain to stop seizures) -
Period: to
21st Century
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Multi-drug resistant TB treatment
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HIV treatments
The disease was first founded in the 1980’s and the vaccine was founded in 2006. -
tumor suppressor gene p53
uses pulsed signals to trigger DNA repair and cell recovery -
Telemedicine
Nurses and Doctors are able to send clients medical info online -
Covid Vaccine
How they were able to make a vaccine for covid in 2020 when the disease was for the first time at its worst -
Source for 21st century