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Period: 4000 BCE to 3000 BCE
Early Beginnings
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3900 BCE
Diseases Caused By
Evil spirits -
3600 BCE
Treatments For Sick
Tribal ceremonies to rid evil spirits -
3100 BCE
Medicines Used Today
Digitalis: heart conditions
Quinine: fever, muscle spasms, prevent malaria
Belladonna and atropine: muscle spasms
Morphine: severe pain -
Period: 2999 BCE to 399
Ancient Times
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2900 BCE
Ancient Egyptians
Earliest to keep accurate health records
Priests as physicians
Medicine to heal
Leeches to drain blood -
1900 BCE
Ancient Chinese
First to use acupuncture
Treats illnesses/diseases with stone tools -
900 BCE
Ancient Greeks
Temples of healing
Studied causes of diseases
Diseases are natural to the body
Not allowed to dissect
Hippocrates: kept notes about diseases; caaused by supernatural forces -
100
Ancient Romans
Clean water + sewers, filtering systems
First to organize medical care
Medical equipment
Hospitals
Physicians paid by government -
Period: 400 to 800
Dark Age
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500
Study of Medicine
Stopped studying of medicine because of religion
Life in hands of God -
700
Treating Disease
Treatment for disease was prayer -
Period: 800 to
Middle Age
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1100
Epidemics
Killed 60 million
Uncontrolled diseases
Vaccines + Medications -
Period: 1350 to
Renaissance
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1450
Rebirth
Universities/medical schools 4 research
Acceptance of dissection
Books for knowledge -
Period: 1501 to
16th and 17th Centuries
-
1515
Leonardo Da Vinci
Studied/recorded anatomy of the body -
1550
Gabrielle Fallopius
Discovered fallopian tubes -
1563
Bartolommeo Eustachio
Discovered tube leading from ear to throat -
William Harvey
Described circulation of blood/pumping of the heart -
Antoine Von Leeuwenhoek
Invented microscope -
Apothecaries
Early pharmacies
Drugs and spices -
Period: to
18th Century
-
Benjamin Franklin
Discovered bifocals
Colds can be passed -
Medical Students Learning
Dissected dead patients
Attended lectures
Better understanding of illness/death -
Joseph Priestley
Discovered element oxygen
Plants refresh air -
Edward Jenner
Discovered vaccination for smallpox -
Rene Laennec
Invented stethoscope -
Period: to
19th and 20th Centuries
-
Ignaz Semmelweis
Identified cause of childbed fever (puerperal fever) -
Florence Nightingale
Women in nursing school -
Louis Pasteur
Discovered tiny microorganisms -
Dmitri Ivanovski
Diseases caused by microorganisms -
Joseph Lister
Microorganisms cause infection
First to use antiseptic -
Ernst Von Bergmann
Germs caused infections in wounds -
Robert Koch
Discovered disease-causing organisms -
Paul Ehrlich
Discovered effect of medicine on disease-causing microorganisms -
Wilhelm Roetentgen
Discovered x-rays -
Anesthesia
Early physicians: herbs, hashish, alcohol
Choked patients -
Sir Alexander Fleming
Penicillin killed life-threatening bacteria -
Sigmund Freud
Discovered conscious and unconscious parts of mind -
Gerhard Domagk
Discovered sulfonamide compounds
Killed bacteria -
Jonas Salk
Dead polio virus caused immunity to poliomyelitis -
Albert Sabin
Live polio virus vaccine, more effective -
Francis Crick and James Watson
Discovered molecular structure of DNA -
Christian Barnard
Performed first successful heart transplant -
Ben Carson
Separating Siamese twins
Surgeries on brain to stop seizures -
Period: to
21st Century
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5 Advancements
Telemedicine
Genetic Research
Reattach body parts
Caring for unborn fetus
Alternative medicine