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Period: 4000 BCE to 300 BCE
Early Beginnings
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3900 BCE
Disease caused by…
Evil spirits -
3600 BCE
Treatment for the sick
-Exorcism
-prayer and divine
-bloodletting -
Period: 2999 BCE to 399
Ancient Times
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Period: 2999 BCE to 399
Ancient Times
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2900 BCE
Ancient Egyptians
Health Records: Egyptians were earliest to use health records
Who are physicians: Priests were used as physicians
How did they heal: They used: medicines, splinting fractures, bloodletting and use of leeches -
1900 BCE
Ancient Chinese
-Development of acupuncture: Chinese were the first to use primitive acupuncture. It was used to treat illness and disease. Even today, we use acupuncture -
900 BCE
Ancient Greeks
Illness cause Nature vs.Spiritual: Greeks kept records and proved that illness was caused naturally than spiritually.
Dissection: A process of taking sometime apart
Hippocrates: They were, “the father of medicine” They found medicine, and wrote the “Oath of Hippocrates” which we still use today. -
100
Ancient Romans
-Sanitation Systems: The Roman’s learned from the Greeks are created water filters and sewers.
-Organize medical care: The Romans sent medical equipment and physicians with their armies.
-Hospital development: Physicians kept a room for their patients in their house which started hospitals. -
Period: 400 to 800
The Dark Age
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500
The Stop of Studying Medicine
The reason why people stopped studying medicine was because of the Roman Empire was conquered by the Huns. The church believed life and death all depended on God, so instead, prayer was treatment in 0700AD -
Period: 800 to 1400
Middle Ages
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1100
Epidemics
Many epidemics broke out in the Middle Ages, and caused millions of deaths. Some of those diseases were: Bubonic Plunge, smallpox, diphtheria, syphilis, and tuberculosis. -
Period: 1350 to
The Renaissance
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1450
Rebirth?
Universities: People built universities for research.
Dissection: People finally accepted dissection for studying the body
Books: Printing press helped allow more access to knowledge from studies -
Period: 1501 to
The 16-17th century
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1515
Leonardo Da Vinci
He studied the anatomy of the human body -
1550
Gabriele Fallopius
This man discovered the Fallopian tubes in the women’s body. -
1563
Bartolommeo Eustachio
Bartolommeo Eustachio Discovered the tube between the ear to the throat -
William Harvey
He was able to explain/figure out blood circulation and how the heart pumped -
Antonie von Leeuwenhoek
He invented the microscope. He also was able to prove that some bacteria caused teeth to rot. -
Apothecaries
Apothecaries were sort of like, early pharmacies. They traded medicines from the east. -
Period: to
The 18th century
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Benjamin Franklin
Along with his many discoveries, he found out that colds can be passed from person to person -
Medical students learning
In the 18th century, there were more opportunities for people to learn about medicine. They were even able to dissect and observe diseases after a patient died. -
Joseph Priestley
He discovered the element, oxygen. He also found out plants released oxygen which could be used for respiration. -
Edward Jenner
Edward Jenner discovered a vaccine for Smallpox. His discovery saved countless of lives during the epidemics. -
Rene Laennec
He invented the stethoscope. The first model was made of wood. -
Period: to
19th and 20th Centuries
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Ignaz Semmelweis
He discovered the childbed fever, and why/how the women got infected after birth. He found out washing hands could help stop spreading diseases -
Florence Nightingale
Florence Nightingale was a lady who was a nurse during the war. She was known for dedication for nursing there. After the war, she created a clean hospital ward, and came up with effective training for nurses. -
Louis Pasteur
He discovered microorganisms, and a vaccine for rabies -
Dmitri Ivanovski
He and one of his parters found out that sick plants can transfer their illness to healthy plants. -
Joseph Lister
Joseph Lister used the idea that infections spread by microorganisms, so he used carbolic acid for a antiseptic during surgery. He was the first doctor to use a antiseptic. -
Ernst von Bergmann
He put together Lister’s, and Pasteur’s research, and was able to create the beginning of asepsis during surgery. -
Robert Koch
He discovered lots of organisms that caused diseases. He found out how to tell pathogens apart. Robert Koch also encouraged sanitation and cleanness. -
Paul Ehrlich
Paul Ehrlich studied how medicine affected disease causing microorganisms. He brought chemicals to fight illnesses as well. -
Wilhelm Roentgen
Wilhelm discovered x-rays in 1895. His discovery let doctors see inside patients and what was wrong. -
Anesthesia
Anesthesia is a treatment for patients to help them not feel pain by putting them in a deep sleep. Many patients before the 19th century died from shock and pain. Anesthesia was discovered by William T.G. Morton. -
Sir Alexander Fleming
Sir Alexander Fleming Discovered one of the most important in the century. He discovered penicillin killed life-threatening diseases. It could cure pneumonia, blood poisoning, and gonorrhea. -
Sigmund Freud
Sigmund Freud discovered the conscious and unconscious part of the mind. He put it together and he understood psychosomatic illness. His studies were the basis of psychology -
Gerhard Domagk
He discovered sulfonamide compounds. They were more effective at killing bacteria. They were eventually used to cure deadly diseases. -
Jonas Salk
He discovered dead polio virus could cause immunity to another disease and was able to create a vaccine for polio -
Albert Sabin
With the help of Jonas Salk, he was able to create a better vaccine for polio. Which we still use today for babies. -
Francis Crick and James Watson
They discovered the molecular structure of DNA. With that, they were able to explain hereditary information on the DNA. -
Christian Barnard
He was able to do the first success heart transplant. -
Ben Carson
He was able to do surgeries on the brain to stop seizures. -
Treatment used today
-Digitalis:It is used to strengthen and slow the heart. In the past, people used to chew these leaves
-Quinine:It is used for fevers, relieving muscle spasms, and preventing malaria.
Belladonna and atropine:They can relieve muscle spasms, especially gastrointestinal pain.
-Morphine: They are used to treat serve pain. It is only used as last resort because it is very addicting.