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Period: 4000 BCE to 3000 BCE
Primitive Time
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3900 BCE
Important Medicines still used today
Medicines such as morphine for pain and digitalis for the heart are still used today. -
3800 BCE
Believed disease was caused by...
Supernatural spirits and demons. -
3700 BCE
Average life span
20 years. -
Period: 3000 BCE to 300 BCE
Ancient Egyptians
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2900 BCE
How do they heal?
People called upon the gods to heal them when disease occured. -
2800 BCE
Who were physicians and who was the first?
Priests who studied medicine and surgery in temple medical schools were physicians. The first may have been Imhotep. -
2700 BCE
Average life span
20-30 years. -
Period: 1700 BCE to 200
Ancient Chinese
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1600 BCE
Dissection
Religious prohibitions that were against dissection resulted in inadequate knowledge of the body structure. -
1500 BCE
Importance of the whole body
They believed in the need to treat the whole body was by curing the spirit and nourishing the body -
1400 BCE
Average life span
20-30 years. -
Period: 1200 BCE to 200 BCE
Ancient Greeks
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Period: 753 BCE to 410
Ancient Romans
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460 BCE
Hippocrates
Hippocrates is called the Father of Medicine:
-developed an organized method to observe the body
-recorded signs and symptoms of many diseases
-created a high standard of ethics, the Oath of Hippocrates, is used by physicians today -
384 BCE
Aristotle
Dissected animals and is called the founder of comparative anatomy. -
370 BCE
Average life span
25-35 years. -
200 BCE
Sanitation System
-Created aqueducts to carry waste materials away from the cities
-Used filtering systems in public baths to prevent disease
-Drained marshes to reduce incidence of malaria -
100 BCE
Hospitals
Early hospitals were developed when physicians cared for ill people in their homes. Later hospitals were religious and charitable institutions housed in monasteries and convents. -
300
Average life span
25-35 years. -
400
Prohibited study of medicine, why?
Emphasis was placed on saving the soul. -
Period: 400 to 800
Dark Age
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500
How do they treat disease?
Prayer and divine intervention were used. -
600
Average life span
20-30 years. -
Period: 800 to 1400
Middle Age
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850
Medical universities
Physicians began to obtain knowledge at medical universities in the 9th century. -
900
Pandemic
The bubonic plague (Black Death) killed 3/4 of the population of Europe and Asia. -
910
Rhazes
An Arab physician who became known as the Arab Hippocrates:
- based diagnoses on observations of the signs and symptoms of disease
-developed criteria for distinguishing between smallpox and measles
-suggested that blood was the cause of many diseases and began the use of animal guy for suture material -
1000
Average life span
20-35 years. -
Period: 1350 to 1650 BCE
Renaissance
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1401
Rebirth
The rebirth of the science of medicine -
1425
Dissection
Dissection of the body began to allow a better understanding of anatomy and physiology. -
1450
Artists
Michelangelo and Da Vinci used dissection in order to the draw the human body more realistically. -
1475
Average life span
30-40 years. -
1501
Cause of disease
Still not known and many people died from infections and puerperal (childbirth) fever -
Period: 1501 to
16th Century
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1510
Father of Modern surgery
Ambroise Pare, a French surgeon. -
1523
Gabriel Fallopius
He identified the fallopian tubes and described the tympanic membrane in the ear. -
Average life span
35-45 years -
Period: to
17th Century
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William Harvey
He described the circulation of blood to and from the heart. -
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
He invented the microscope. -
Apothecaries
Early pharmacists who made, prescribed, and sold medications -
Average life span
35-45 years. -
Period: to
18th Century
-
Gabriel Fahrenheit
Created the first mercury thermometer -
James Lind
Prescribed lime juice contains vitamin C to prevent scurvy -
Edward Jenner
Developed a vaccination for smallpox -
Average life span
40-50 years. -
Period: to
19th Century
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Blood transfusion
First successful blood transfusion was performed on humans by James Blundell. -
Elizabeth Blackwell
She became the first female physician in the U.S. -
Florence Nightingale
Was the founder of modern nursing -
American Red Cross
Clara Barton founded the American Red Cross -
Wilhelm Roentgen
Discovered roentgenograms (X-rays) -
Average life span
40-60 years -
Period: to
20th Century
-
Sir Alexander Fleming
He discovered penicillin -
Open heart surgery
The first heart-lung machine was used for open-heart surgery -
Transplants
-First liver transplant performed by Thomas Starzl (1963)
-First lung transplant performed by James Hardy (1964)
-First successful heart transplant performed by Christian Bernard (1968) -
CAT scan
Computerized axial tomography (CAT) scan was developed -
Test tube baby
The first “test tube” baby, Louise Brown, was born. -
Average life span
60-70 years
