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Period: 4000 BCE to 3000 BCE
Early Beginnings
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3900 BCE
How disease was caused
Disease were caused by supernatural evil spirits -
3600 BCE
Treatments for sick
Ceremonies to exorcise evil spirits, trephining to remove part of the cranium -
3100 BCE
Medicines used today
Digitalis is used to treat congestive heart failure
Quinine is used to treat malaria
Belladonna is used for stoping bronchial spasms in asthma and whooping cough
Atropine is used for dilate pupils
Morphine is used for pain -
Period: 2999 BCE to 399
Ancient times
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2900 BCE
Ancient Egyptians
They were the earliest to keep accurate medical records
The priests acted at the physicians
They used medicine, splinting, bloodletting, and leeches to heal disease -
1900 BCE
Ancient Chinese
The were the the first to use primitive acupuncture using stone tools -
900 BCE
Ancient Greeks
The Greeks were the ones to find out that illness was caused but nature and not the super natural
Dissection was not allowed due to ancient religion
Hippocrates is know as the father of medicine and also wrote the slandered of ethics called The Oath of Hippocrates -
100
Ancient Romans
Romans were the first to have organized health care. They would send medical equipment to physicians with their armies.
Physicians would have room for ill patients in their homes, this was the beginning of hospitals.
The physicians wore death masks filled with spices that the romans thought protected from infection and bad odor. -
Period: 400 to 800
Dark age
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500
Medicine was stoped
When the Huns concord the Roman Empire the study of medicine was stoped for 1,000 years because they thought life and death was in the hands of God. -
700
How disease was treated
The primary treatment was prayer -
700
Epidemics
The bubonic plague or Black Death killed 60 million people.
Other diseases that caused a lot of death included smallpox, diphtheria, syphilis, and tuberculosis. -
Period: 800 to 1400
Middle Ages
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Period: 1350 to
Renaissance
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1450
Rebirth of Medicine
The Renaissance saw the building of universities and medical schools
The idea of dissection was being accepted
With the development of the printing press books could be published allowing greater access to knowledge for research -
Period: 1501 to
16th and 17th Centuries
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1515
Leonardo da Vinci
Leonardo da Vinci studied and recorded the anatomy of the body. -
1550
Gabriele Fallopius
He discovered the Fallopian tubes of the female body. -
1563
Bartolommeo Eustachio
Bartolommeo Eustachio Discovered the tube leading from the ear to the throat -
William Harvey
William Harvey was able to describe the circulation of the body and the pumping of the heart. -
Antonie von Leeuwenhoek
Antonie invented microscope and discovered the bacteria the causes tooth decay. -
Apothecaries
Early pharmacy started engaging in flourishing trade of spices and drugs. -
Period: to
18th century
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Benjamin Franklin
Benjamin invented bifocals and he discovered that a cold can be passed from person to person -
Students learning
Students began attending lectures in classrooms and laboratory’s, and also observed patients at bed sides. When patients died they would dissect them as a way of learning. -
Joseph Priestley
Joseph discovered the element of oxygen. -
Edward Jenner
Edward discovered a method of vaccination for smallpox, this led to immunization and preventive medicine in public healthcare. -
Rene Laennec
Rene Laennce invented the stethoscope. -
Period: to
19th and 20th centuries
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Ignaz Semmelweis
He discovered the cause of childbed fever. It was caused by physicians not washing their hand or changing aprons before delivering a baby. They would be dirty from surgery and infect the mother who would get sick and die. -
Louis Pasteur
He discovered that microorganisms were everywhere at that they caused disease. He also created a vaccine for rabies. -
Joseph Lister
He was the first doctor to use antiseptics during surgery to prevent infection in the incision. -
Ernst von Bergmann
Ernst developed asepsis after knowing from Lister’s and Pasteur’s research that germs cause disease. This was a way to keep the area germ-free before and during surgery. -
Robert Koch
He isolated the the bacterium that cause tuberculosis. He developed the culture pant method to identify pathogens. Introduced cleanliness and sanitation in preventing the spread of disease. -
Paul Ehrlich
He discovered the effect of medicine on disease. On his 606th try to find a chemical to treat syphilis he found a treatment that worked. -
Wilhelm Roentgen
He discovered the x-ray in 1895 and took the very first picture using x-rays of his wife’s hand. His discovery has allowed us to see the inside of the body. -
Anesthesia
Before anesthesia was developed physicians would use herbs and alcohol to help with pain, some physicians would even choke patients to knock them out for the surgery. Once anesthesia was developed physicians were able to put patients to sleep safely and have them experience no pain during surgery. -
Sir Alexander Fleming
Sir Alexander discovered that penicillin killed life-threatening bacteria. His discovery of penicillin is considered one of the most important discoveries of the twentieth century. -
Sigmund Freud
Freud discovered the conscious and unconscious mind. This led him to the understanding of psychosomatic illness. His studies became the basics of psychology and psychiatry. -
Gerhard Domagk
He discovered sulfonamide compounds. These were the first medications effective in killing bacteria. -
Jonas Salk
Salk discovered that a dead polio virus would cause immunity to poliomyelitis. That virus paralyzed thousands of adults and children every year. The disease was feared and the discovery of the vaccine saved many people. -
Albert Sabin
Sabin tried using a live polio virus and found it to be more effective. His vaccine is used today to vaccine babies. -
Francis Crick and James Watson
The two discovered the molecular structure of DNA. Their model served to explain how DNA replicates and how hereditary information is coded on it. This the set the stage for rapid advances in molecular biology that continues to this day. -
Christian Barnard
He preformed the first successful heart transplant. -
Ben Carson
He is a pioneer in separating Siamese twins and preforming hemispherectomies, a surgery on the brain to stop seizures.
