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Evil supernatural spirits -
Praying or ceremonial practices such as trephining -
Digitalis: used for heart conditions
Quinine: used to control fevers relieve muscle spasms, and helps prevent malaria
Belladonna and atropine: used to relieve muscle spasms especially in gastrointestinal pain
Morphine: used to treat severe pain when nothing else will help as it is addictive -
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Health Records: The Egyptians were the first people to accurately keep health records.
Who are physicians?: Physicians were the first (Greek) people to study what caused diseases. They were the people who realized that disease could have natural causes rather than supernatural.
How did they heal?: Some cultures used leeches, others used stone tools, massages or herbal therapies. -
Development of acupuncture: From early on, the Chinese people were the first to develop methods using stone tools to treat diseases. This is known as acupuncture and is still used today. -
Illness cause Nature vs. Spiritual: Ancient Greeks were the first people to determine that disease may not be caused by spiritual causes.
Dissection: In ancient times, religiously people could not have their bodies dissected.
Hippocrates: Hippocrates was one of the first people to take notes on the symptoms of different diseases. He wrote the standard of ethics otherwise known as the “Oath of Hippocrates.” -
Sanitation Systems: This was the beginning of public health/sanitation. The Romans learned from the Greeks and decided to build waterways to bring in water and sewers to carry away the waste. They also built public baths to clean themselves.
Organize medical care: The Romans were the first to have a organized medical care. This was the beginning of creating a hospital layout.
Hospital development: This started as buildings were reserved for the sick and physicians were paid to help the sick. -
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Because people of the Church believed that life and death was in the hands of God. They believed that the treatment answer was prayer. -
By prayer or herbal mixtures and custodial care. -
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Terrible epidemics, as in, diseases affecting many people at the same time, caused millions of deaths during this time. -
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Universities: Universities started to be built for medical research.
Dissection: In this time, dissection started to be accepted so we could better study the body.
Books: Books and press started to be printed to create better access to knowledge about the body. -
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He studied the anatomy of the body. -
He discovered the Fallopian tubes of the female anatomy. -
He discovered the tube leading from the ear to the throat. -
He used what knew to understand physiology and he could describe the circulation of blood and the pumping of the heart. -
He invented the microscope. He also figured out the bacteria that causes tooth decay. -
Apothecaries are the early pharmacies that started in this time. -
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Benjamin Franklin invented the bifocals and he also found out that colds could be contagious. -
Medical students not only attended lectures, but they also got to observe sick patients. After the patients would die, the students would be able to dissect and observe the disease process. -
He discovered the element of oxygen. He also found out how plants could refresh air making it available for respiration. -
He discovered a vaccination for smallpox. -
He invented the stethoscope. The stethoscope allowed doctors to figure out if a disease was present in the patient. -
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He discovered the cause for child bed fever. He also helped us realize that hand washing is very important to stop the spread of disease. -
She helped create nursing to be a respected profession. -
Was known as the “Father of Microbiology” and he discovered that microorganisms were everywhere. He also helped us discover how to kill bacteria in milk. Also later on, he created a vaccine for rabies. -
He discovered that some diseases are caused by microorganisms. And they cannot be seen with a microscope. These diseases are called viruses. -
He was the first doctor to use an antiseptic during surgery. This helped prevent infection. -
He developed asepsis. This helped keep surgery areas clean. -
He found many organisms that cause diseases. He also discovered many ways to prevent the spread of diseases. -
His discoveries brought about the use of chemicals to fight disease. He also discovered a treatment for syphilis after the 606th attempt. -
He discovered x-rays in 1895. This helped doctors to discover what is wrong inside the patient. -
Before the 19th century surgery was performed without anesthesia. In the 19th and 20th century however, anesthesia was performed before surgeries so patients wouldn’t feel pain during the procedure. This was done with drugs that have the ability to put people into a deep sleep while they are being operated on. -
He found out that penicillin kills a life-threatening bacteria. Discovering penicillin was one of the most important things to have been discovered in the 20th century. -
He studied the conscious and unconscious parts of the mind. And the effects a unconscious mind has on the body. He found out that the mind and body work together. -
He discovered sulfonamide compounds. This was the first compounds to effectively kill bacteria. -
He discovered that a dead polio virus would cause immunity to poliomyelitis. This saved many people from death or crippling. -
He used a live polio virus vaccine which is more effective. This vaccine is still used today. -
They won the Nobel Prize in Medicine for discovering how DNA is structured and how it is replicated. -
He performed the first successful heart transplant. -
He is able to separate Siamese twins and perform hemispherectomies. -
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In 2003 many places banned smoking in indoor settings. This was a good decision as smoking was later found to be a leading cause of cancer. -
There were many advances in face and limb transplants and amputations. These advances made them more comfortable and usable. -
Many more people today are being taught how to take care of themselves properly. This includes eating healthy and basic self-care. -
Many people now are becoming more aware of mental health diseases. But importantly, people are getting more help as they need it. -
Many people discovered that some health related diseases could be linked to you physical state, as in your physical activity level. People are now becoming more aware that it is important to stay active and fit to maintain a healthy life.