-
Period: 4000 BCE to 3000 BCE
Primitive time
Important Medicines still used today (3900BC): And important medicine still used today is morphine. It is made from a poppy plant and used to treat pain and digitalis for the heart.
Believed disease was caused by (3800BC):
A common belief was that illnesses and diseases were a punishment from the gods were caused by supernatural spirits and demons.
Average life span (3700BC):
The average lifespan was 20 years -
Period: 3000 BCE to 300 BCE
Ancient Egyptians
How do they heal? (2900BC): They used magic and medicinal plants to treat disease
Who are physicians? Who was the 1st? (2800BC):
The physicians were priests who studied medicine and surgery in Temple medical schools. Imhotep what is believed to be the first physician.
Average life span (2700BC):
The average lifespan is 20 to 30 years -
Period: 1700 BCE to 220
Ancient Chinese
Dissection (Beliefs and Result) (1600BC): Religious prohibitions against dissection resulted in inadequate knowledge of body structure/anatomy.
Importance of the WHOLE body (1500BC):
The ancient Chinese believed in the need to treat the whole body by caring the spirit and nourishing the body.
Average life span (1400BC):
The average lifespan was 20 to 30 years -
Period: 1200 BCE to 200 BCE
Ancient Greeks
Hippocrates (0460BC): Hippocrates is called the father of medicine, and was one of the most important physicians in ancient Greece. The records he another physician created helped discover that disease is caused by natural causes, not by supernatural forces and demons.
Aristotle (0384BC):
Aristotle dissected animals and is called the founder of comparative anatomy.
Average life span (0370BC):
The average lifespan was 25 to 35 years -
Period: 735 BCE to 410
Ancient Romans
The ancient Romans began public health and sanitation systems with the help of ancient Greeks. The Romans began the development of sanitation systems by building sewers to carry away their waste, use filtering systems in public bathrooms to help prevent disease, and drained marshes to reduce malaria. The first hospitals were also built in ancient Rome when physicians started caring for the Ill and wounded soldiers in their own homes. The average lifespan was 25 to 35 years -
Period: 400 to 800
Dark Age
Prohibited study of medicine, why? (0400AD): After the fall of the Roman empire the study of medicine stopped because the monks and priests stressed prayer and saving the soul to treat illness and disease instead of medicine.
How do they treat disease? (0500AD):
They treated diseases with prayer and divine intervention.
Average life span? (0600AD):
The average lifespan was 20 to 30 years -
Period: 800 to 1400
Middle Age
Medical Universities (0850AD): Medical universities were created in the 9th century to begin educating physicians the proper ways to use their knowledge and treat illness. Later, it became required that physicians pass examinations and obtain licenses to practice medicine.
Pandemic (0900AD):
A pandemic of the bubonic plague which is also known as black death killed nearly 75% of the European and Asian population. -
Period: 800 to 1400
Middle Ages 2
Rhazes (0910AD):
Rhazes was a Rab physician, who became known as the Arab Hippocrate. He based diagnosis on observations of the signs and symptoms of a disease, began the use of animal gut for suture material, developed criteria for distinguishing between smallpox and measles, and suggested that blood was the cause of many infectious diseases.
Average life span (1000AD):
The average lifespan was 20 to 35 years -
Period: 1350 to
Renaissance
Rebirth (1401AD): The renaissance was often called the rebirth of the science of medicine because people started accepting dissection, and doctors could now view body organs and see the connection between different systems in the body.
Dissection (1425AD):
Dissection of the body began to allow better understanding of the anatomy and physiology of the human body to further improve medical procedures. -
Period: 1350 to
Renaissance 2
Artists (1450AD):
Artist Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci were able to draw the body accurately, resulting in medical books being published so knowledge could be spread more rapidly, educating the physicians and medical students.
Average life span (1475AD):
The average lifespan was 30 to 40 years. -
Period: 1501 to
16th Century
Cause of Disease (1501AD): In this time period, the causes of diseases were still not know when many people died from infections and puerperal fever.
Father of Modern surgery (1510AD):
Ambroise Pare was a French surgeon, known as the father of modern surgery because he established the use of ligatures to bind arteries and stop bleeding, improved treatment of fractures and promoted use of artificial limbs, and illuminate the use of boiling oil to cauterize wounds. -
Period: 1501 to
16th Century 2
Gabriel Fallopius (1523AD): Gabrielle Fallopius dentified the fallopian tubes in the female and described the Tympanic membrane in the ear.
Average life span (1600AD):
The average lifespan was 35 to 45 years -
Period: to
17th Century 2
Apothecaries (1675AD): Apothecaries were early pharmacists who made, prescribed, and sold medications. Many of these medications were made from plants and herbs similar to those used in ancient times.
Average life span (1700AD):
The average lifespan was 40 to 50 years. -
Period: to
17th century
William Harvey (1628AD): William Harvey described the circulation of blood to and from the heart.
Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1666AD):
Anton van Leeuwenhoek invented the microscope. This allowed physicians to see organisms too small to be seen by the human eye. The microscope is still a major diagnostic tool today. -
Period: to
18th Century
Gabriel Fahrenheit (1714AD) Gabrielle Fahrenheit created the first mercury thermometer.
James Lind (1795AD)
James Lind prescribed lime juice containing vitamin C to prevent scurvy.
Edward Jenner (1796AD)
Edward Jenner developed a vaccination for smallpox.
Average life span (1800AD)
The average lifespan was 35 to 45 years. -
Period: to
19th Century
Blood Transfusion (1818AD): The first successful blood transfusion was performed on humans in the 19th century by James Blundell.
Elizabeth Blackwell (1849AD):
Elizabeth Blackwell became the first female physician in the United States.
American Red Cross (1881AD):
Clara Barton founded the American Red Cross.
Wilhelm Roentgen (1895AD):
Wilhelm Roentgen discovered roentgenograms which we know as x-rays. -
Period: to
19th Century 2
Florence Nightingale (1860AD) Florence Nightingale was known as the founder of modern nursing. Florence nightingale established sanitary nursing care units for injured soldiers during the Crimean war. Nightingale opened the nightingale school and home for nurses at St. Thomas’ Hospital in London, and began the professional education of nurses.
Average life span (1900AD)
The average lifespan was 40 to 60 years. -
Period: to
20th Century
Sir Alexander Fleming (1928AD):
Sir Alex Fleming discovered penicillin.
Open heart surgery (1953AD):
The first successful open heart surgery what’s done in the 1950s and the first heart lung machine was used during the surgery. This surgery has progressed to the heart transplants that occur today.
Average life span (2000AD):
The average lifespan was 60 to 70 years.
Test tube baby (1978AD):
The first test to baby, Luis Brown, was born in England in 1978. -
Period: to
20th Century 2
Transplants (list at least 3) (1960AD): The first successful kidney transplant in humans was performed by Joseph Murray in 1954. The first liver transplant was performed by Thomas Starzl in 1963. The first lung transplant was performed by James Hardy in 1964. The first successful heart transplant was performed by Christian Barnard in 1968.
CAT Scan (1975AD):
The computerized axial tomography he or CAT scan was developed in 1975.