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Period: 4000 BCE to 3000 BCE
Early beginnings
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3900 BCE
Disease caused by?
Caused by supernatural spirits. -
3600 BCE
Treatments for sick?
Tribal doctors preformed ceremonies to exorcise evil spirits.
One of thee ceremonies included an early form of trephining, where the tribal doctors would remove a parent of there cranium to exorcise demons. -
3100 BCE
Medicines used today.
~ digitalis ~ was created from the foxglove plant and is given in pill form today, or is injected in the body to treat heart conditions.
~ Quinine ~ was created from the bark of the cinchona tree and it controls fever, and helps prevent malaria.
~ belladonna and atropine ~ this was created from the poisonous nightshade plant and this was used to relieve muscle spasms.
~ morphine ~ was created from the opium poppy and is used to treat severe pain. -
Period: 2999 BCE to 399
Ancient times
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2900 BCE
Ancient Egyptians
~ health records ~ The Egyptians were the earliest people to keep accurate health records.
~ who are physicians ~ The priests acted as physicians.
~ how did they heal ~ They used medicines to heal diseases, learned the art of of splinting fractures, and treated disorders by bloodletting with the use of leeches. -
1900 BCE
Ancient Chinese
~ development of acupuncture ~ the ancient Chinese were the first to primitive acupuncture therapies. They learned how to treat a variety of illness and disease with stone tools. And the practice of this is still in common use today. -
900 BCE
Ancient Greeks
~ illness cause nature vs. ~ Physicians had a noble and sacred mission, often housed in sacred temples of healing.
~ spiritual ~ they were the first to study the causes of disease and determine that illnesses may have natural , rather than spiritual causes.
~ dissection ~ during the ancient times, religious custom did not allow bodies to be dissected.
~ Hippocrates ~ the father of medicine, Hippocrates, based his knowledge of anatomy and physiology on observation of the external body. -
100
Ancient Roman’s
~ sanitation systems ~ They kept rooms in their houses specifically for the ill.
~ organize medical care ~ The Roman’s were the first to organize medical care
~ hospital development ~ The beginning of hospitals and public buildings to care for the sick was established. -
Period: 400 to 800
Dark age
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500
Stopped the study of medicine
Because the church believed that life and death was in Gods hands -
700
How do they treat disease
The primary treatment was prayer -
Period: 800 to 1400
Middle age
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1100
Epidemics
Terrible epidemics caused millions of deaths during this period. -
Period: 1350 to
Renaissance
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1450
Rebirth
~ universities ~ the renaissance period saw the rebirth of learning. During this time, new scientific progress began and there was many new developments.
~ dissection ~the acceptance of dissection of the body for study.
~ books ~ the development of the printing press and the publishing of books. -
Period: 1501 to
16th and17th centuries
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1515
Leonardo da Vinci
Leonardo da Vinci studied and recorded the anatomy of the body. -
1550
Gabriele Fallopius
Gabriele Fallopius Discovered the fallopian tubes of the female anatomy. -
1563
Bartolommeo Eustachio
Bartolommeo Eustachio Discovered the tube leading from the ear to the throat. ( Eustachian tube ) -
William Harvey
William Harvey Use this knowledge to understand physiology, and he was able to describe the circulation of blood and the pumping of the heart. -
Antonie von Leeuwenhoek
Antonie von Leeuwenhoek Invented the microscope. -
Apothecarles
Early pharmacies started in this time. In medieval England, these apothecaries engaged in a flourishing trade in drugs and spices from the east. -
Period: to
18th century
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Benjamin Franklin
Benjamin Franklin’s discoveries affect us in many ways. His discoveries include bifocals, and he found that colds could be passed from person to person. -
Medical students learning
Students not only attended lectures in the classroom and laboratory, but also observed patient at the bedside. When a patient died, they dissected the body and were able to observe the disease process. -
Joseph Priestley
Discovered the element oxygen. He also observed that plants, refresh air that has lost its oxygen, making it usable for respiration. -
Edward Jenner
Discovered a method of vaccination or smallpox. -
Rene Laennec
Invented the stethoscope. The first step the scope was made of one. Increase the ability to hear the heart and lungs, allowing doctors to determine if disease was present. -
Period: to
19th and 20th centuries
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Ignaz Semmelwels
Identified the cause of childbed fever. -
Florence Nightingale
Became a legend while she was caring for soldiers because of her dedication to nursing. -
Louis Pasteur
Known as the father of microbiology. He discovered that tiny micro organisms were everywhere. -
Dmitri Ivanovski
Discovered that some diseases are caused by microorganisms that cannot be seen with a microscope. They are called viruses. -
Joseph Lister
Learned about Pasteur s Discovery that micro organisms cause infection. He was carbolic acid on ones to kill germs that cause infection. He became the first doctor to use anti-septic during surgery. -
Ernst Von Bergmann
Developed asepsis. He knew from Listers and pastures research that germs caused infection in wounds. -
Robert Koch
Discovered many disease causing organisms. He developed a culture plate method to identify Pathogens and also isolated the bacteria that causes tuberculosis. -
Paul Ehrlich
Discovered the effective medicine on disease causing microorganisms. His treatment was effective against some microorganism, but was not effective in killing other bacteria. His discoveries brought about the use of chemicals to fight disease. -
Wilhelmina Roentgen
Discovered x-rays in 1895. He took the very first picture, using x-rays of his wife’s hand. -
Anesthesia
Early physicians used herb, hashish, and alcohol to help relieve the pain of surgery. They even choked patients To cause unconsciousness to stop pain later on they use drugs. And these drugs have the ability to put people into a deep sleep, so that they do not experience pain during surgery. -
Sir Alexander Fleming
Found that penicillin killed life-threatening bacteria.Found that penicillin killed life-threatening bacteria -
Sigmund Freud
Discovered the conscious And unconscious parts of the mind. -
Gerhard Domagk
Discovered sulfonamide compounds. These compounds were the first medication’s effective in killing bacteria. -
Jonas Salk
Discovered that dead polio virus would cause immunity to poliomyelitis. -
Albert Sabin
Used live polio virus vaccine, which is more effective. This vaccine is used today to immunize babies against this dreaded disease. -
Francis crick and James Watson
Discovered the molecular structure of DNA based on its own double helix. -
Christian Barnard
Performed the first successful heart transplant in 1968 -
Ben Carson
Continues to be a pioneer in separating Siamese, twins in performing hemisphereectomies, Surgeries on the brain to stop seizures. -
Period: to
21st century
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Eliminating disabling disease
The possibility of eliminating disabling disease through genetic research. -
Organ transplant
The ability to transplant organs from a donor to a recipient. -
Health of unborn fetuses
The advancements in caring for the unborn fetus. -
Noninvasive technique for diagnosis.
The ability to use non-invasive techniques for diagnoses. -
Reattach severed body parts
The ability to reattach the severed body parts.