History of Healthcare Addo

By Janni_7luvs
  • Period: 4000 BCE to 3000 BCE

    Early BEginnings

  • 3900 BCE

    Disease caused by

    Disease caused by
    Evil spirits
  • 3600 BCE

    Treatments for the sick

    Treatments for the sick
    Trephining: a tribal doctor removes the cranium to exorcise demons.
    Used herbs and plants as medicine
  • 3100 BCE

    Medicine used today

    Digitalis: to treat heart conditions
    Quinine: controls fever, muscle spasms, and prevents malaria
    Belladonna and atropine: relieves muscle spasms and gastrointestinal pain.
    Morphine: treats severe pain.
  • Period: 2999 BCE to 399

    Ancient Times

  • 2900 BCE

    Ancient Egyptians

    Health Records: kept accurate health records based on superstition and identified diseases.
    Physicians are priests. They healed using medicine, splinting fractures, and used bloodletting.
  • 1900 BCE

    Ancient Chinese

    Development of acupuncture: learned to treat illnesses with stone tools
  • 900 BCE

    Ancient Greeks

    1. Illness cause Nature vs. Spiritual: considered medicine an art; first to study the cause of disease and determine the cause is physical. Hippocrates(the father of medicine) brought about the dissection of bodies.
  • 100

    Ancient Romans

    Ancient Romans
    1. Sanitation systems: wore death masks to prevent contraction of infection and bad odor.s
    2. First to organize medical care and provide medical equipment with their armies to care for soldiers.
    3. Hospital development: public buildings for the sick were established.
  • Period: 400 to 800

    Dark Age

  • 500

    Stopped the study of medicine

    The Roman Empire was conquered by the Huns (nomads from the north)
  • 700

    How did they treat diseases?

    They used prayer and herbal mixtures.
  • Period: 800 to 1400

    Middle Age

  • 1100

    Epidemics

    Epidemics
    The bubonic plague (Black Death), smallpox, diphtheria, syphilis, and tuberculosis.
  • Period: 1350 to

    Renaissance

  • 1450

    Rebirth

    1. Universities: used for research
    2. Dissection of the body was finally accepted
    3. Books: promoted by the printing press allowed greater access to knowledge
  • Period: 1500 to

    16th and 17th centuries

  • 1515

    Leonardo Da Vinci

    Studied and recorded the anatomy of the human body
  • 1550

    Gabrielle Fallopius

    Discovered the fallopian tubes of the female body.
  • 1563

    Barthalommeo Eustachio

    Discovered the Eustachian tube; leading from the ear to the throat.

  • William Harvey

    Used Da Vinci’s knowledge of anatomy to understand physiology, and was able to understand the circulation of the blood and the pumping of the heart.

  • Antonie von Leeuwenhoek

    Invented the microscope; scraped his tooth and found the bacteria that causes tooth decay.

  • Apothecaries

    Early pharmacies that engaged in trade of goods and spices from the East.
  • Period: to

    18th century

  • Benjamin Franklin

    Benjamin Franklin
    Discovered bifocals and found that colds are transferable.

  • Medical students learning

    Students attended lectures in the classroom, laboratory, observed patients, and were able to dissect bodies.

  • Joseph Priestley

    Discovered the element oxygen, plants refresh air lacking oxygen and that it is essential for respiration.

  • Edward Jenner

    Discovered the concept of vaccination for smallpox that led to immunization and preventive medicine in public health.

  • Rene Laennec

    Invented the stethoscope that allowed doctors to hear the heart and lungs, allowing doctors to determine if a disease was present.
  • Period: to

    19th and 20th centuries

  • Ignaz Semmelweis

    Ignaz Semmelweis
    Identified the cause of childbed fever (puerperal fever), of which physicians did not was their hands. This brought hand washing and cleanliness as an accepted practice.

  • Florence Nightingale

    Attracted well-educated, dedicated women to the Nightingale School of Nursing of which it became a respectable profession.

  • Louis Pasteur

    Louis Pasteur
    The father of microbiology, he proved that microorganisms cause disease.

  • Dmitri Ivanovski

    Discovered that some diseases are caused by microorganisms that cannot be seen with a microscope called viruses. Diseases caused by viruses include poliomyelitis, rabies, measles, influenza, chicken pox, German measles, herpes zoster, and mumps.

  • Joseph Lister

    Joseph used carbolic acid on wounds to kill germs that cause infection, and became the first doctor to use an antiseptic during surgery.

  • Ernst von Bergmnann

    Ernst developed asepsis, as a result of a method he developed to keep an area germ-free before and during surgery.

  • Robert Koch

    Discovered organisms that cause disease, developed the culture plate method to identify pathogens, and isolated the bacterium that causes tuberculosis. Introduced the importance of cleanliness and sanitation in preventing the spread of disease.

  • Paul Ehrlich

    Discovered effect of medicine in disease causing microorganisms. His discoveries brought the use of chemicals to fight disease. On his 600th experiment he found a treatment that worked.

  • Wilhelm Roentgen

    Discovered x-rays in 1895, and allowed doctors to see the inside of the body which helped them discover what was wrong with the patient.

  • Anesthesia

    Anesthesia
    Nitrous oxide, ether, and chloroform were discovered that put people into a deep sleep so they don’t experience pain during surgery.

  • Sir Alexander Fleming

    Sir Alexander Fleming
    Discovered that penicillin killed life-threatening bacteria. Prior to this, people died of pneumonia, gonorrhea, and blood poisoning.

  • Sigmund Freud

    Discovered the conscious and unconscious parts of the mind and determined that the mind and the body work together, which led to the understanding of psychosomatic illness.

  • Gerhard Domagk

    Discovered sulfonamide compounds that were the first medications effective in killing bacteria. Changed the practice of medicine by killing deadly diseases.

  • Jonas Salk

    Discovered that a dead polio virus would lead to immunity to poliomyelitis.

  • Albert Sabin

    Used a live polio virus (more effective). Used today to immunize babies against diseases.

  • Francis Crick and James Watson

    Discovered the molecular structure of DNA, and explained how DNA replicates and how hereditary informations is coded on it.

  • Christian Barnard

    Performed the first successful heart transplant.

  • Ben Carson

    A pioneer in separating Siamese twins and performing hemispherectomies ( surgeries on the brain to stop seizures).
  • Period: to

    21st century

  • The possibility of eliminating disabling disease through genetic research.

  • Portable and handheld computers to aid in diagnosis

    Portable and handheld computers to aid in diagnosis

  • The ability to reattach severed body parts

  • The ability to use noninvasive techniques for diagnosis

  • Caring for the unborn fetus