-
4000 BCE
Ancient Times (4000Bc--3000Bc)
They believed that illness and disease was created by supernatural spirits and demons; Trepanation (Boring a hole into the scull) was used to treat insanity and epilepsy; Average life span was 20 years -
3000 BCE
Ancient Egyptians (3000Bc--300Bc)
Earliest people to maintain accurate health records -
1700 BCE
Ancient Chinese (1700Bc--220Ad)
Average lifespan was 20 to 30 years; Religious prohibitions against dissection resulted in inadequate knowledge of body structure; used moxibustion(a treatment in which powdered substance is placed on the skin and then burned to cause a blister) to treat disease -
1200 BCE
Ancient Greeks (1200Bc-200Bc)
Began modern science by observing the human body and effects of disease; Believed illness was a result of natural causes -
460 BCE
Hippocrates(460-322Bc)
Known as "The father of medicne); Developed a organized method to observe the human body; Recorded signs and symptoms of many diseases -
129
Claudius Galen(129-199?Ad)
A physicians who established body regulated by four fluid: blood,phlegm,black bite, and yellow bite; Dissected animals and determined functions of muscles, kidney and bladder -
753
Ancient Romans(753Bc-410Ad)
First to organize medical care by providing care for injured soldiers; Created ad to carry clean water to the cities; Built sewers to carry waste materials away from the cities -
800
Dark ages (400-800Ad)
Prayer and divine intervention were used to treat illness and disease ; Medications were mainly herbal mixtures -
800
Middle ages (800-1400Ad)
Physicians began to obtain knowledge at medical universities; A pandemic of the bubonic plague killed 3 quarters of the population -
910
Rhazes
Based diagnoses on observations of the signs and symptoms of disease; Developed criteria for distinguishing between smallpox and measles in 910AD -
1350
Renaissance (1350-1650Ad)
Dissection of the body began to allow a better understanding of anatomy and physiology; Development of the printing press allowed knowledge to be more easily spread to others -
1510
Ambroise Pare' (1510-2590)
Established the use of ligatures to bind arteries and stop bleeding; Promoted use of artificial limbs; Eliminated the use of boiling oil to cauterize wounds -
Anton van leeuwenhoek (1623-1723)
Was called the "father of microbiology); he learned to grind lenses and make simple microscopes to use while examining the thread densities of materials -
Rene Laennec (1781-1826)
Was called the "father of pulmonary diseases"; He invented the stethoscope which began as a piece of rolled paper an evolved into a wooden tube that physicians inserted into there ears -
Florence nightingale (1820-1910)
Known as the founder of modern nursing; led 38 nurses to serve in the Crimean war; fought for the reform of the military hospitals and for improved medical care -
Clara Burton (1821-1912)
Founder of the american red cross; during the civil war, she volunteered to provide aid to wounded soldiers; -
Louis Pasteur ( 1822-1895)
Was called the "father of microbiological sciences an immunology"; developed the germ theory; discovered the process of pasteurization, vaccination, and fermentation -
Francis Crick and James Watson
Shared a Nobel Piece Prize in 1962 with Maurice Wilkins for discovering the structure of DNA; built a three-dimension model of the molecules of DNA to assist them in discovering its structure -
Benjamin Carson
Became famous for his landmark surgeries to separate conjoined twins -
21st century
In 2014 surgeons in the Netherlands used a 3-D printer to create a custom made skull that was used to complete a skull transplant;