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Lewis Terman
At Stanford University Lewis Terman adapted Alfred Binet's intelligence test into the Standford-Binet test. He created the term "intelligence quotient" (IQ). It was one's mental age compared to one's physical age. He was the father of the gifted child movement across the globe.
Mildly Gifted-115 to 129
Moderately Gifted-130 to 144
Highly Gifted-145 to 159
Exceptionally Gifted-160 to 179
Profoundly Gifted-180 -
Leta Stetter Hollingworth
She pioneered gifted child education. Was a professor at Columbia University who found very bright children in order to further their education. She had a great influence on the identification and educational facilitation of intellectually talented boys and girls. -
SMPY
SMPY - Study of Mathematically Precocious Youth founded by Julian Stanley at Johns Hopkins University. Longitudinal survey of people of 700 or higher on a section of the SAT Reasoning Test before 13 years of age. -
Gagne's Differentiated Model of Giftedness and Talent
Gagne differentiates clearly between gifts which are natural abilities and talents which are systematically developed from gifts. Gagne thinks that all talents are developed from natural abilities through learning and influenced by inner and outer catalysts. Developing of talents can be facilitated or hindered by interpersonal and environmental catalysts. -
Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligences
Stated that IQ should not be measured as absolute figure like height or weight. "Not how smart you are but how you are smart." Intelligence is the ability to solve a problem or fashion a product that is valued in one or more cultural settings.
Created theory of multiple intelligences: visual spatial, linguistic, logical-mathematical, bodily-kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalist. -
Three Ring Conception of Giftedness
Joseph Renzulli considered three factors important for the development of gifted behavior: above average ability, creativity, and task commitment. Only when characteristics of all three rings work together can high achievement or gifted behavior be seen.
