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First Wave Feminism (1700-1900)
Writers highlight the inequalities between men and women -
"Thoughts on the Education of Daughters"
offers advice on female education to British middle class -
"A Vindication of the Rights of Women"
-Written by Mary Wollstonecraft
-Of how women must be treated equally because they plan important part in society -
Amelia Jenks Bloomer (1818-1894)
Women's rights advocate used to write women's rights articles in her husband's newspaper until she went on to start her own newspaper (The Lily) that focused on women's rights. -
Lucy Stone (1818-1893)
-Her decision to keep her maiden name after marriage, which was quite controversial at the time
-helped to organize the 1st National Women's Rights convention in 1850
-Founded the Women's Journal (1870), a publication supporting women's rights -
Feminine Phase (1840-1880)
Women writers imitated prevalent male creative norms and standards for appearance -
Feminist Phase (1880-1920)
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Alice Paul (1885-1977)
American women rights activist that helped to establish the congressional union for women's suffrage (1913) -
Simone De Beauvoir (1908-1986)
Wrote "The Second Sex" as well as feminist pieces and campaigned against discrimination against women and unwed mothers -
Passing of the 19th Amendment
(Amended on Aug 18, 1920) In response to the Women's Suffrage Movement. -
Female Phase (1920-onwards)
primarily focuses on female writing and experiences -
"A Room of One's Own"
-Written by Virginia Woolf
-Explored gender relations and argued that patriarchal education systems created a boundary for women. -
"The Second Sex"
-Written by Simone De Beauvoir
-One of the earliest attempts to challenge our history from a feminist perspective. It covers the thesis that man basically oppress women by characterizing them as "other" rather than equal. -
Second Wave Feminism (about 1960-1970)
-
Kate Chopin
Kate Chopin's buried feminist literature was reprinted after being rediscovered. -
"Feminine Mystique"
believed to have revived the women's rights movement -
Gynocriticism
Elaine Showalter coined the term "gynocriticism" in her essay "Towards a Feminist Poetics" -
"Women Writers & Poetic Identity"
-Written by Margaret Homan
-Looks into why there were so few great women poets in a time when most of the great novelists then were women. -
Third Wave Feminism (About 1990-today)
-
"Becoming the Third Wave"
American feminist, Rebecca Walker, published in Ms Magazine -
"To Be Real: Telling the Truth & Changing the Face of Feminism"
Written by Rebecca Walker -
References
A History of Feminist Literary Criticism, edited by Gill Plain, and Susan Sellers, Cambridge University
Press, 2007. ProQuest Ebook Central, https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/apus/detail.action?docID=325999 Nasrullah Mambrol. “Third Wave Feminism.” Literary Theory and Criticism, 21 Mar. 2019, https://literariness.org/2017/10/29/third-wave-feminism/ “Equal Rights Amendment.” National Archives, 28 Feb. 2019, www.archives.gov/women/era.